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Access strategies
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How should antibiotics be made available to all members of a community?
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Roll out options, referral patterns, training community health workers to prescribe appropriately, exclusive vendor availability
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Antibiotic quality
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Measures to ensure antibiotic quality
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Roles of different actors, effective technologies for low resource settings, drivers of quality
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Decision making and help seeking (unlocking capabilities)
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Strategies to enable people to treat infections when necessary while reducing risks of resistance
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Suppliers of advice and drugs, role of financial incentives, assessment of risk and need, professional and social norms, understandings of disease and antibiotics, ideas of entitlement, design of packaging
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Therapeutic and dosing strategies
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Optimising drug use strategies based on the scientific, economic, social and epidemiological context
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Explore antibiotic combinations, co-administration, co-formulation, cycling, best practice for frequency and adherence to dosing strategies
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Use of diagnostics
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How can diagnostics improve diagnosis and treatment and be relevant in low resource settings
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Dual diagnosis of infection and resistance in low resource settings, meeting the needs of populations, integration with surveillance, effects on access to care, treatment-seeking behaviour or supply stock-outs, prescription/antibiotic use
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Exploring integration of new strategies
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Transmission of health behaviour messaging integration of appropriate use measures into everyday practices. Explore innovative ways of tracking, diagnosis, treatment, reporting, messaging and the surveillance of resistance and antibiotic use
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How can mobile health technology be incorporated to improve diagnosis, treatment and surveillance; can social media be used to encourage appropriate use of new/existing therapies; role of pharmaceutical companies and appropriate use
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The role of markets and market actors
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Effective strategies for involving players at every level in the market (local, national, regional, international) and aligning incentives
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Roles/responsibilities for information transmission, guideline adherence, positive incentive creation, measures to improve access and reduce resistance
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Consensus and coalition building
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Building (and negotiating) shared visions of just and sustainable use
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Mapping competing understandings and interests of relevant organisations and associations; Building of coalitions for change
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Governance
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Effective mechanisms at the community and regional level for ensuring sustainable access and use of antibiotics
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Agreed roles and responsibilities, effective funding streams, harmonisation where possible
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Evaluation of systems
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Observe impact of interventions
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Other health consequences, clinical outcomes of AMR, resistance in the environment, health seeking behaviour and wider social consequences (economic, networks)
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Identify unintended consequences
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