Articles

Need to improve availability of “access” group antibiotics and reduce the use of “watch” group antibiotics in India for optimum use of antibiotics to contain antimicrobial resistance

Authors: Sumanth Gandra and Anita Kotwani

Assessment of prescription pattern and prescription error in outpatient Department at Tertiary Care District Hospital, Central Nepal

The rational use of medicine improves patient’s quality of life. Excessive and inappropriate prescriptions result in severe consequences. The study of drug use patterns and prescription errors is necessary to ...

Authors: Rajeev Shrestha and Srijana Prajapati

Association between medicine Price declaration by pharmaceutical industries and retail prices in Malaysia’s private healthcare sector

As part of the initiatives to increase price transparency for consumers, pharmaceutical industry in Malaysia have been encouraged to declare the wholesale and recommended retail prices (RRP) of medicines to th...

Authors: Nur Sufiza Ahmad, Ernieda Hatah and Mohd Makmor-Bakry

Factors influencing pharmaceutical pricing - a scoping review of academic literature in health science

Pharmaceutical pricing has only recently gained space in mainstream health science literature.

Authors: Maria Angelica Borges dos Santos, Leticia Lucia dos Santos Dias, Cláudia Du Bocage Santos Pinto, Rondineli Mendes da Silva and Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro

A case of DAPSONE INDUCED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA

Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) being a rare cause of cyanosis is generally not considered in its differential diagnosis. Methemoglobinemia is an abnormal Hb produced physiologically by auto-oxidation. If this proce...

Authors: Najia Mahmood, Mutti Ullah Khan, Ihtisham U. L. Haq, Farhat Afshan Jelani and Aayesha Tariq

Patient involvement in questionnaire design: tackling response error and burden

Questionnaires capture patient perspectives succinctly and at relatively low cost, making them a popular data collection tool for health researchers. However, questionnaire data can be affected by response err...

Authors: Marissa Ayano Mes, Amy Hai Yan Chan, Vari Wileman, Caroline Brigitte Katzer, Melissa Goodbourn, Steven Towndrow, Stephanie Jane Caroline Taylor and Rob Horne

Pharmacovigilance systems in resource-limited settings: an evaluative case study of Sierra Leone

Few low and middle-income countries (LMIC) have fully operational pharmacovigilance structures, systems and legal framework to collect and collate safety data and evaluate the risks and benefits by active and ...

Authors: Onome T. Abiri and Wiltshire C. N. Johnson

Access to and use of medicines in the Annapurna region of Western Nepal and possible impacting factors

Improving access to medicines is a major healthcare challenge for low-income countries because the problem traverses health systems, society and multiple stakeholders. The Annapurna region of Nepal provides a ...

Authors: Bhuvan K.C., Susan Heydon and Pauline Norris

Current status and future prospects of pharmacovigilance in Pakistan

Countries all around the globe are working to establish robust pharmacovigilance systems. Whereas the majority of the developed countries have established well-organized pharmacovigilance systems, the developi...

Authors: Rabia Hussain and Mohamed Azmi Hassali

Hypertension control among euvolemic hypertensive hemodialysis patients in Malaysia: a prospective follow-up study

Existing literature does not provide enough information on evaluation of factors associated with pre-dialysis controlled hypertension among euvolemic hemodialysis (HD) patients. We conducted a study to evaluat...

Authors: Amjad Khan, Amer Hayat Khan, Azreen Syazril Adnan, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Saima Mushtaq, Nafees Ahmad and Irfanullah Khan

Rationing for medicines by health care providers in Indonesia National Health Insurance System at hospital setting: a qualitative study

Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Indonesia is planned to be fully implemented in 2019 through the National Health Insurance (NHI) launched in January 2014. However, limited financial resources cause health c...

Authors: Endang Yuniarti, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Erna Kristin and Sri Suryawati

Assessment of disposal practices of expired and unused medications among community pharmacies in Anambra State southeast Nigeria: a mixed study design

Expired or unused medicines are potentially toxic substances that should be managed effectively to avoid accumulation of potentially toxic pharmaceuticals in the environment. In Nigeria, there is currently lim...

Authors: Iweh Michael, Brian Ogbonna, Nduka Sunday, Maureen Anetoh and Okonta Matthew

Stakeholder driven development of a multi-criteria decision analysis tool for purchasing off-patent pharmaceuticals in Kuwait

In Kuwait, the government is planning to improve the specifications for purchase of medicine and to improve the tendering system intending to slow the growth of the expenditure for medicine and to improve the ...

Authors: Ali Hadi Abdullah, Anke-Peggy Holtorf, Maryam Al-Hussaini, Jacinthe Lemay, Maryam Alowayesh and Zoltán Kaló

Optimization of antibiotic selection in the emergency department for urine culture follow ups, a retrospective pre-post intervention study: clinical pharmacist efforts

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED). ED culture follow up is an important tool to provide the appropriate therapy after the identification of the causative ...

Authors: Abdulaziz Saleh Almulhim, Ali Aldayyen, Kateryna Yenina, Adam Chiappini and Tahir Mehmood Khan

Investigating the association of proton pump inhibitors with chronic kidney disease and its impact on clinical practice and future research: a review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used worldwide for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Although considered to be widely safe, PPIs have been associated wit...

Authors: Ejaz Cheema

Diabetes policies and pharmacy-based diabetes interventions in Portugal: a comprehensive review

Pharmacy-based interventions are complex public health endeavors which include, but are not restricted to, the conventional medication supply role. In diabetes, such interventions may improve patients’ outcome...

Authors: Suzete Costa, Maria Rute Horta, Rita Santos, Zilda Mendes, Isabel Jacinto, José Guerreiro, Maria Cary, Ana Miranda, Dennis K. Helling and Ana Paula Martins

Jazia prime vendor system- a public-private partnership to improve medicine availability in Tanzania: from pilot to scale

The availability of medicines in public health facilities in Tanzania is problematic. Medicines shortages are often caused by unavailability at Medical Stores Department, the national supplier for public healt...

Authors: Karin Wiedenmayer, Romuald Mbwasi, William Mfuko, Ezekiel Mpuya, James Charles, Fiona Chilunda, Denis Mbepera and Ntuli Kapologwe

Self medication practice and associated factors among students of Asmara College of Health Sciences, Eritrea: a cross sectional study

Self-medication is a common practice globally and the resulting irrational drug use is raising concerns. Up-to-date there is no systematic study conducted on self medication practice among students or the gene...

Authors: Zenawi Zeramariam Araia, Nahom Kiros Gebregziabher and Araia Berhane Mesfun

Inter-rater reliability and validity of good pharmacy practices measures in inspection of public sector health facility pharmacies in Uganda

The National Drug Authority (NDA) inspects and certifies private and public sector pharmacies in Uganda using an indicator-based inspection tool that measures adherence to good pharmacy practices (GPP). 67 mea...

Authors: Brian Sekayombya, David Nahamya, Laura Garabedian, Morries Seru and Birna Trap

Use of generic medicines in Latvia: awareness, opinions and experiences of the population

To stimulate use of generic medicines a combination of supply and demand side mechanisms are employed in the Latvian reimbursement system. It is reported that patients have high out-of-pocket pharmaceutical sp...

Authors: Ieva Salmane Kulikovska, Elita Poplavska, Marija Ceha and Signe Mezinska

To sell or not to sell; the differences between regulatory and community demands regarding access to antibiotics in rural Ghana

In Ghana, there is extensive over-the-counter dispensing of antibiotics, resulting in high levels of inappropriate use, and an increase in antibiotic resistance. Regulations prevent Licenced Chemical Sellers (...

Authors: Samuel Afari-Asiedu, John Kinsman, Ellen Boamah-Kaali, Martha Ali Abdulai, Margaret Gyapong, Osman Sankoh, Marlies Hulscher, Kwaku Poku Asante and Heiman Wertheim

Patent challenges in the procurement and supply of generic new essential medicines and lessons from HIV in the southern African development community (SADC) region.

High medicines prices increasingly pose challenges for universal access to treatments of communicable and non-communicable diseases. New essential medicines are often patent-protected which sustains high price...

Authors: Ellen F. M. ‘t Hoen, Tapiwanashe Kujinga and Pascale Boulet

Generic prescription drug price increases: which products will be affected by proposed anti-gouging legislation?

In the United States (U.S.), large price increases for selected generic drugs have elicited public outrage. Recent legislative proposals aim to increase price transparency and identify outlier drug “price spik...

Authors: Rena M. Conti, Kevin H. Nguyen and Meredith B. Rosenthal

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals among community in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia

Pharmaceuticals are produced and consumed in increasing volume every year. Unfortunately, not all medications that go in to the hand of the consumers get consumed; large quantities remain unused or expire. The...

Authors: Yohanes Ayele and Mulu Mamu

Prescription drug coverage in Canada: a review of the economic, policy and political considerations for universal pharmacare

Canadians have long been proud of their universal health insurance system, which publicly funds the cost of physician visits and hospitalizations at the point of care. Prescription drugs however, have been sub...

Authors: Jaden Brandt, Brenna Shearer and Steven G. Morgan

Access to innovative cancer medicines in a middle-income country - the case of Mexico

Cancer has become the third cause of death in Mexico. Treatment for cancer is often complex and lengthy. New and better medicines enter the market at high prices, which may limit access. Like most Latin Americ...

Authors: Daniela Moye-Holz, Rene Soria Saucedo, Jitse P van Dijk, Sijmen A Reijneveld and Hans V Hogerzeil

Investigation of prescribing behavior at outpatient settings of governmental hospitals in eastern Ethiopia: an overall evaluation beyond World Health Organization core prescribing indicators

Rational prescribing remains an important component of rational drug use. The World Health Organization (WHO) standardized and validated core prescribing indicators for evaluating prescribing pattern of drugs....

Authors: Tigist Gashaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Getnet Mengistu and Firehiwot Amare

Pharmaceutical system strengthening in Uganda: implementing a holistic, evidence-informed, long-term strategy

A strong pharmaceutical sector is a precondition for effective and efficient health care and financing systems, and thus for achieving the best possible health of a population. Supported by visionary, long-ter...

Authors: Martin Oteba, Anita Katharina Wagner, Morries Seru, Martha Embrey and Birna Trap

Trade agreements and drug access: assessment of the impact of the 2009 Peruvian new drug policy on anti-infectives registration and availability

The United States-Peru Free Trade Agreement required changes in the Peruvian pharmaceutical legislation that resulted in the National Drug Policy (NDP) of 2009. This study evaluated the registration of brand a...

Authors: Lita Araujo and Michael Montagne

Country ownership and sustainability of Nigeria’s HIV/AIDS Supply Chain System: qualitative perceptions of progress, challenges and prospects

The emergency response phase to HIV epidemic in Nigeria and other countries saw to the deployment of donors’ resources with little consideration for country ownership (CO) and sustainability. The progress that...

Authors: Ademola Joshua Itiola and Kenneth Anene Agu

An analysis of pharmacy workforce capacity in Nigeria

Pharmacists are critical for attaining the goal of universal health coverage and equitable access to essential health services, particularly in relation to access to medicines and medicines expertise. We descr...

Authors: Aniekan Ekpenyong, Arit Udoh, Eneyi Kpokiri and Ian Bates

The impact of clinical services provided by community pharmacies on the Australian healthcare system: a review of the literature

In Australia, community pharmacists are increasingly being integrated into the healthcare system. A range of services in pharmacies are government-funded aiming to prevent chronic diseases and improve the qual...

Authors: Vera H. Buss, Alison Shield, Sam Kosari and Mark Naunton

Perceptions of the Malaysian general public on community pharmacy-based weight management services

Obesity is now widely regarded as a main contributor to poor health. Involvement of community pharmacists can be a valuable tool in obesity management. However, there is still a lack of data in Malaysia on the...

Authors: Rohit Kumar Verma, Thomas Paraidathathu, Nur Akmar Taha and Wei Wen Chong

NPS MedicineWise: 20 years of change

The cost and potential harms of medicines and other health technologies are issues of concern for governments and third party payers of health care. Various means have been demonstrated to promote appropriate ...

Authors: Lynn Maria Weekes, Suzanne Blogg, Sharene Jackson and Kerren Hosking

A qualitative exploration of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hospital pharmacists towards adverse drug reaction reporting system in Lahore, Pakistan

Medication safety is a major public health concern and there are well established pharmacovigilance programmes in developed countries. However, there is scarcity of literature on the issue in low and middle in...

Authors: Rabia Hussain, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Furqan Hashmi and Maryam Farooqui

Comment on Hernandez-Vasquez et al., a bibliometric analysis of the global research on biosimilars

A bibliometric analysis provided by Hernandez-Vasquez et al. listed the institutions that have published most extensively in the field of biosimilars. Sandoz and Novartis International were considered as separ...

Authors: Hillel P. Cohen

Article 2: Longitudinal study assessing the one-year effects of supervision performance assessment and recognition strategy (SPARS) to improve medicines management in Uganda health facilities

In late 2010, Uganda introduced a supervision, performance assessment, and recognition strategy (SPARS) to improve staff capacity in medicines management in government and private not-for-profit health facilit...

Authors: Birna Trap, Richard Musoke, Anthony Kirunda, Martin Olowo Oteba, Martha Embrey and Dennis Ross-Degnan

Regulatory requirements for the registration of generic medicines and format of drug dossiers: procedures in Sri Lanka in comparison with selected regulatory authorities

The regulatory requirements for approval of generic medicines and the format of compiling drug dossiers vary among regulatory authorities. The variation is particularly wide between High-income countries (HIC)...

Authors: D. Thambavita, P. Galappatthy and R. L. Jayakody

Assessment of primary labeling of medicines manufactured by Nepalese pharmaceutical industries

Appropriate labeling of marketed medicines is necessary to fulfill the regulatory provisions and ensure patient medication safety. This study aimed to assess the primary labeling of medicines manufactured and ...

Authors: Ramesh Sharma Poudel, Shakti Shrestha, Santosh Thapa, Bhupendra Kumar Poudel and Muniraj Chhetri

Provider preferences for postoperative analgesia in obese and non-obese patients undergoing ambulatory surgery

Few guidelines exist on safe prescription of postoperative analgesia to obese patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. This study examines the preferences of providers in the standard treatment of postoperative...

Authors: Anthony H. Bui, David L. Feldman, Michael L. Brodman, Peter Shamamian, Ronald N. Kaleya, Meg A. Rosenblatt, Debra D’Angelo, Donna Somerville, Santosh Mudiraj, Patricia Kischak and I. Michael Leitman

Evaluating inter-rater reliability of indicators to assess performance of medicines management in health facilities in Uganda

To build capacity in medicines management, the Uganda Ministry of Health introduced a nationwide supervision, performance assessment and recognition strategy (SPARS) in 2012. Medicines management supervisors (...

Authors: Belinda Blick, Stella Nakabugo, Laura F. Garabedian, Morries Seru and Birna Trap

The Belgian commitment to pharmaceutical quality: a model policy to improve quality assurance of medicines available through humanitarian and development programs

Today, a combination of globalization of pharmaceutical production, lack of regulatory harmonization, and weakness of Medicines Regulatory Authorities, creates the “perfect conditions” for poor-quality medicin...

Authors: Raffaella Ravinetto, Tim Roosen and Catherine Dujardin

Weaving the health and pharmaceutical care agenda through the themes of the commonwealth heads of government meeting (CHOGM), London 2018

The biennial Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) this year is based around four key themes: prosperity, fairness, sustainability and security. This is an opportune time to consider the role of pha...

Authors: Victoria Rutter, Amy Hai Yan Chan, Chloe Tuck, Lina Bader, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar and Ian Bates

Insights into early stage of antibiotic development in small- and medium-sized enterprises: a survey of targets, costs, and durations

Antibiotic innovation has dwindled to dangerously low levels in the past 30 years. Since resistance continues to evolve, this innovation deficit can have perilous consequences on patients. A number of new ince...

Authors: Christine Årdal, Enrico Baraldi, Ursula Theuretzbacher, Kevin Outterson, Jens Plahte, Francesco Ciabuschi and John-Arne Røttingen

A survey of knowledge, attitude, and practices of private retail pharmacies staff in tuberculosis care: study from Dera Ismail Khan City, Pakistan

In order to engage pharmacies in tuberculosis (TB) care, a survey was conducted in the Dera Ismail (DI) Khan City of the Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa province, Pakistan. The objectives were to; 1) characterize the ret...

Authors: Tehmina Mustafa, Yasir Shahzad and Ayyaz Kiani

A bibliometric analysis of the global research on biosimilars

Biosimilars could be a promising option to help decrease healthcare costs and expand access to treatment. There is no previous evidence of a global bibliometric analysis on biosimilars. Therefore, we aimed to ...

Authors: Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz, Guido Bendezu-Quispe, Daniel Comandé and Diego Rosselli

Pharmaceutical company spending on research and development and promotion in Canada, 2013-2016: a cohort analysis

Competing claims are made about the amount of money that pharmaceutical companies spend on research and development (R&D) versus promotion. This study investigates this question in the Canadian context.

Authors: Joel Lexchin

A real world example of coverage with evidence development in Australia - ipilimumab for the treatment of metastatic melanoma

Australian Government subsidisation of ipilimumab for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma was conditional on the sponsor entering a ‘managed entry scheme’ to assess the 2-year overall survival r...

Authors: Hansoo Kim, Samantha Comey, Karl Hausler and Greg Cook

Health care for all: effective, community supported, healthcare with innovative use of telemedicine technology

Almost half of the world’s total population reside in rural and remote areas and a large number of these people remain deprived of most basic facilities like healthcare and education. It is deemed impossible f...

Authors: Tariq Kazim Shah, Tasneem Tariq, Roger Phillips, Steve Davison, Adam Hoare, Syed Shahzad Hasan and Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar

Barriers and facilitators to hospital pharmacists’ engagement in medication safety activities: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework

Hospital pharmacists play a central role in medication safety activities. However, in Ethiopia, this role has been launched recently and little is known regarding the current status of this extended service. U...

Authors: Alemayehu B. Mekonnen, Andrew J. McLachlan, Jo-anne E. Brien, Desalew Mekonnen and Zenahebezu Abay