Table 2 Comorbidities in patients with chronic diseases and with or without polypharmacy
n (%) | Total patients with chronic diseases 9443 (100%) | 95% CI | Non-polypharmacy patients 7845(83.1%) | 95% CI | Polypharmacy patients 1598 (16.9%) | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haematic comorbidities | |||||||
Anaemia | 863 (9.1%) | 8.6–9.7 | 671 (8.6%) | 7.9–9.2 | 192 (12.0%) | 10.4–13.6 | < 0.01 |
HIV | 54 (0.6%) | 0.4–0.7 | 52 (0.7%) | 0.5–0.8 | 2 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.3 | < 0.01 |
Digestive comorbidities | |||||||
Cirrhosis | 476 (5.0%) | 4.6–5.5 | 365 (4.7%) | 4.2–5.1 | 111 (6.9%) | 5.7–8.2 | < 0.01 |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 74 (0.8%) | 0.6–0.9 | 62 (0.8%) | 0.6–1.0 | 12 (0.8%) | 0.3–1.2 | 0.87 |
Gastrointestinal ulcer | 175 (1.9%) | 1.6–2.1 | 128 (1.6%) | 1.4–1.9 | 47 (2.9%) | 2.1–3.8 | < 0.01 |
Chronic pancreatitis | 8 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.1 | 5 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.1 | 3 (0.2%) | 0.0–0.4 | 0.12 |
Ocular comorbidities | |||||||
Glaucoma | 385 (4.2%) | 3.8–4.6 | 229 (2.9%) | 2.5–3.3 | 166 (10.4%) | 8.9–11.9 | < 0.01 |
Cardiovascular comorbidities | |||||||
Hypertension | 3415 (36.2%) | 35.2–37.1 | 2130 (27.2%) | 26.2–28.1 | 1285 (80.4%) | 78.5–82.4 | < 0.01 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 1062 (11.2%) | 10.6–11.9 | 599 (7.6%) | 7.0–8.2 | 463 (29.0%) | 26.7–31.2 | < 0.01 |
Dyslipidaemia | 3757 (39.8%) | 38.8–40.8 | 2734 (34.9%) | 33.8–35.9 | 1023 (64.0%) | 61.7–6.4 | < 0.01 |
Dysrhythmias | 394 (7.3%) | 6.8–7.9 | 298 (3.8%) | 3.4–4.2 | 396 (24.8%) | 22.7–26.9 | < 0.01 |
Heart chronic failure | 240 (2.5%) | 2.2–2.9 | 46 (0.6%) | 0.4–0.8 | 194 (12.1%) | 10.5–13.7 | < 0.01 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 370 (3.9%) | 3.5–4.3 | 153 (2.0%) | 1.6–2.3 | 217 (13.6%) | 11.9–15.3 | < 0.01 |
Valvular heart disease | 193 (2.0%) | 1.8–2.3 | 93 (1.2%) | 0.9–1.4 | 100 (6.3%) | 5.1–7.4 | < 0.01 |
Musculoskeletal comorbidities | |||||||
Arthrosis | 1055 (11.2%) | 10.5–11.8 | 669 (8.5%) | 7.9–9.1 | 386 (24.2%) | 22.1–26.3 | < 0.01 |
Osteoporosis | 1,112 (11.8%) | 11.1–12.4 | 706 (9.0%) | 8.4–9.6 | 406 (25.4%) | 23.3–27.5 | < 0.01 |
Arthritis | 221 (2.3%) | 2.0–2.6 | 160 (2.0%) | 1.7–2.4 | 61 (3.8%) | 2.9–4.8 | < 0.01 |
Lupus | 5 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.01 | 2 (0.0%) | 0.0–0.1 | 3 (0.2%) | 0.0–0.4 | 0.01 |
Vasculitis | 26 (0.3%) | 0.2–0.4 | 14 (0.2%) | 0.1–0.3 | 12 (0.8%) | 0.3–1.2 | < 0.01 |
Neurological comorbidities | |||||||
Dementia | 213 (2.3%) | 2.0–2.6 | 64 (0.8%) | 0.6–1.0 | 149 (9.3%) | 7.9–10.8 | < 0.01 |
Stroke | 263 (2.8%) | 2.5–3.1 | 108 (1.4%) | 1.1–1.6 | 155 (9.7%) | 8.2–11.2 | < 0.01 |
Parkinson | 85 (0.9%) | 0.7–1.1 | 33 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.6 | 52 (3.3%) | 2.4–4.1 | < 0.01 |
Epilepsy | 167 (1.8%) | 1.5–2.0 | 119 (1.5%) | 1.2–1.8 | 48 (3.0%) | 2.2–3.8 | < 0.01 |
Multiple sclerosis | 32 (0.3%) | 0.2–0.5 | 31 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.5 | 1 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.2 | 0.04 |
Psychiatric comorbidities | |||||||
Alcohol abuse | 406 (4.3%) | 3.9–4.7 | 352 (4.5%) | 4.0–4.9 | 54 (3.4%) | 2.5–4.3 | 0.05 |
Substance abuse | 129 (1.4%) | 1.1–1.6 | 123 (1.6%) | 1.3–1.8 | 6 (0.4%) | 0.1–0.7 | < 0.01 |
Anxiety | 2,322 (24.6%) | 23.7–25.5 | 2031 (25.9%) | 24.9–26.9 | 291 (18.2%) | 16.3–20.1 | < 0.01 |
Depression | 1243 (13.2%) | 12.5–13.8 | 932 (11.9%) | 11.2–12.6 | 311 (19.5%) | 17.5–21.4 | < 0.01 |
Bipolar disorder | 66 (0.7%) | 0.5–0.9 | 56 (0.7%) | 0.5–0.9 | 10 (0.6%) | 0.2–1.0 | 0.07 |
Psychotic disorder | 73 (0.8%) | 0.6–0.9 | 58 (0.7%) | 0.5–0.9 | 15 (0.9%) | 0.5–1.4 | 0.41 |
Respiratory comorbidities | |||||||
COPD | 387 (4.1%) | 3.7–4.5 | 198 (2.5%) | 2.2–2.9 | 189 (11.8%) | 10.2–13.4 | < 0.01 |
Asthma | 880 (9.3%) | 8.7–9.9 | 788 (10.0%) | 9.4–10.7 | 92 (5.8%) | 4.6–6.9 | < 0.01 |
Endocrine comorbidities | |||||||
Obesity | 1589 (16.8%) | 16.1–17.6 | 1206 (15.4%) | 14.6–16.2 | 383 (24.0%) | 21.9–26.1 | < 0.01 |
Thyroid disorder | 1619 (17.1%) | 16.4–17.9 | 1268 (16.2%) | 15.3–17.0 | 351 (22.0%) | 19.9–24.0 | < 0.01 |
Renal comorbidities | |||||||
Renal chronic failure | 142 (1.5%) | 1.3–1.7 | 27 (0.3%) | 0.2–0.5 | 115 (7.2%) | 5.9–8.5 | < 0.01 |
Recurring urinary tract infection | 488 (5.2%) | 4.7–5.6 | 339 (4.3%) | 3.9–4.8 | 149 (9.3%) | 7.9–10.8 | < 0.01 |
Neoplasic comorbidities | |||||||
Any active neoplasia | 479 (5.1%) | 4.6–5.5 | 286 (3.6%) | 3.2–4.1 | 193 (12.1%) | 10.5–13.7 | < 0.01 |
Breast | 74 (0.8%) | 0.6–1.0 | 45 (0.6%) | 0.4–0.7 | 29 (1.8%) | 1.2–2.5 | < 0.01 |
Prostate | 66 (0.7%) | 0.5–0.9 | 31 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.5 | 35 (2.2%) | 1.4–2.9 | < 0.01 |
Skin | 60 (0.6%) | 0.5–0.8 | 36 (0.5%) | 0.3–0.6 | 24 (1.5%) | 0.9–2.1 | < 0.01 |
Colorectal | 57 (0.6%) | 0.4–0.7 | 35 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.6 | 22 (1.4%) | 0.8–1.9 | < 0.01 |
Bladder | 35 (0.4%) | 0.2–0.5 | 15 (0.2%) | 0.1–0.3 | 20 (1.3%) | 0.8–1.8 | < 0.01 |
Lung | 34 (0.4%) | 0.2–0.5 | 19 (0.2%) | 0.1–0.4 | 15 (0.9%) | 0.5–1.4 | < 0.01 |
Cervix | 18 (0.2%) | 0.1–0.3 | 17(0.2%) | 0.1–0.3 | 1 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.2 | 0.20 |
Liver–Gastrointestinal–Pancreas | 21 (0.2%) | 0.1–0.3 | 11 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.2 | 10 (0.6%) | 0.2–1.0 | < 0.01 |
Renal | 12 (0.1%) | 0.1–0.2 | 3 (0.0%) | 0.0–0.1 | 9 (0.6%) | 0.2–0.9 | < 0.01 |
Endometrial | 5 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.1 | 3 (0.0%) | 0.0–0.1 | 2 (0.1%) | 0.0–0.3 | 0.17 |
Leukaemia | 27 (0.3%) | 0.2–0.4 | 15 (0.2%) | 0.1–0.3 | 12 (0.8%) | 0.3–1.2 | < 0.01 |
Lymphoma | 48 (0.5%) | 0.4–0.6 | 31 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.5 | 17 (1.1%) | 0.5–1.5 | < 0.01 |
Other neoplasia | 38 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.5 | 30 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.5 | 8 (0.5%) | 0.1–0.8 | 0.50 |