Fig. 1

mRNA COVID-19 vaccines mechanism of action. Simplified graphical representation of the mode of action of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. AAAAAA; poly-A tail of adenine nucleotides, APC; antigen presenting cells, CD; cluster of differentiation, LNP; lipid nanoparticles, mRNA; messenger ribonucleic acid, modRNA; modified ribonucleic acid, S; spike, SARS-CoV-19; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus 2019, UTR; untranslated region. Image reproduced from Thomas SJ et al., Vaccine 2022;40(10):1483–92 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.046) under Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND public licence available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/