Table 2 Knowledge of community pharmacists on NSAIDs associated renal and GIT adverse effects (n = 751)
Knowledge item | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|
NSAIDs are indicated in all of the following conditions except | |
Pain | 18 (2.4%) |
Acute gout | 131 (17.4%) |
Chronic gout | 578 (76.8%) |
Headache | 24 (3.2%) |
NSAIDs interact with all of the following drugs except | |
Diuretics | 184 (24.4%) |
Clopidogrel | 121 (16.1%) |
Warfarin | 89 (11.8%) |
Albuterol | 357 (47.4%) |
NSAIDs are contraindicated in all of the following conditions except | |
History of GIT bleeding | 63 (8.4%) |
Asthma | 90 (12.0%) |
Hypersensitivity to Ibuprofen | 106 (14.1%) |
Osteoporosis | 492 (65.3%) |
Which of the following is a gastrointestinal side effect of NSAIDs | |
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | 492 (65.3%) |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 59 (7.8%) |
Irritable bowel syndrome | 56 (7.4%) |
Crohn’s disease | 144 (19.1%) |
Unlike systemic NSAIDs, topical NSAIDs have lower risk of causing epithelial injury in the gastrointestinal tract | |
True | 633 (84.1%) |
False | 54 (7.2%) |
I do not know | 64 (8.5%) |
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis causes | |
Decreased gastric acid secretion, increased bicarbonate secretion and increased mucus secretion | 133 (17.7%) |
Increased gastric acid secretion, decreased bicarbonate secretion and decreased mucus secretion | 474 (62.9%) |
None of the above | 144 (19.1%) |
Risk factors for developing gastric injury include all of the following except | |
High dose of NSAID | 67 (8.9%) |
Previous medical history of gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcers) | 37 (4.9%) |
Age less than 65 years | 544 (72.2%) |
Concomitant steroid therapy of 10 mg/day or greater | 103 (13.7%) |
The risk of NSAID-induced kidney injury increases with | |
Lower NSAID doses | 40 (5.3%) |
Concomitant use of ACE inhibitors | 565 (75.0%) |
Shorter duration of NSAID therapy | 76 (10.1%) |
Concomitant use of topical capsaicin | 70 (9.3%) |
All the following patients should avoid NSAIDs except | |
Patients having a higher risk of stomach bleeding | 27 (3.6%) |
Patients having stomach problems, including heartburn | 53 (7.0%) |
Patients having high blood pressure, heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or kidney disease | 67 (8.9%) |
Patients with only hypothyroidism, for which they take levothyroxine orally | 550 (73.0%) |
Patients taking a diuretic for high blood pressure or heart failure | 54 (7.2%) |
Which of the following is the most appropriate alternative for a patient at high risk for NSAID induced acute kidney injury after an acute musculoskeletal injury? | |
Naproxen | 88 (11.7%) |
Capsaicin cream | 134 (17.8%) |
Acetaminophen/paracetamol | 461 (61.2%) |
Colchicine | 68 (9.0%) |