Table 4 Comparison of EQ-5D index, EQ-VAS, WHOQOL-BREF domain and willingness to pay mean scores, standard deviations and significant levels based on the samples’ demographic information

Gender

Male

0.89 ± 0.17

77.04 ± 14.48

60.65 ± 14.15

68.55 ± 15.43

60.22 ± 18.50

65.05 ± 13.91

25.15 ± 35.81

Female

0.88 ± 0.14

76.81 ± 17.35

57.71 ± 14.01

68.57 ± 15.58

58.04 ± 20.73

65.41 ± 14.21

19.35 ± 27.93

p value

0.0665

0.7091

0.0937

0.9904

0.3709

0.8394

0.3302

Age (years) grouped by median

≤ 60

0.91 ± 0.12

79.57 ± 15.31

62.60 ± 14.26

71.07 ± 13.84

63.90 ± 17.75

66.07 ± 13.16

23.75 ± 32.65

> 60

0.86 ± 0.18

74.11 ± 16.19

55.54 ± 13.10

65.88 ± 16.68

54.06 ± 20.34

64.33 ± 14.91

20.65 ± 31.73

p value

0.0059

0.0037

 < 0.0001

0.0069

 < 0.0001

0.3183

0.0490

Marital status

Single/Separated/

Divorced/Widow

0.89 ± 0.12

76.24 ± 16.73

58.18 ± 13.41

67.33 ± 15.54

58.09 ± 19.22

62.12 ± 13.65

18.62 ± 21.57

Married

0.88 ± 0.17

77.34 ± 15.49

59.79 ± 14.56

69.31 ± 15.43

59.77 ± 19.93

67.14 ± 13.97

24.48 ± 37.13

p value

0.5333

0.6810

0.3743

0.3180

0.5043

0.0049

0.0678

Education level

Primary or secondary

0.89 ± 0.14

76.79 ± 16.24

58.55 ± 13.94

68.06 ± 15.26

58.24 ± 19.77

64.38 ± 13.45

21.93 ± 32.81

Higher secondary and above

0.89 ± 0.22

77.87 ± 13.84

63.84 ± 14.88

72.26 ± 16.74

65.74 ± 17.62

71.48 ± 16.75

24.59 ± 27.50

p value

0.0506

0.9389

0.0501

0.1564

0.0456

0.0080

0.1859

Work status

Job/Business

0.91 ± 0.12

78.76 ± 14.43

61.02 ± 13.05

69.16 ± 13.90

61.71 ± 16.65

65.20 ± 13.29

24.31 ± 32.15

Not working

0.86 ± 0.18

74.75 ± 17.39

56.99 ± 15.08

67.84 ± 17.19

56.08 ± 22.37

65.27 ± 14.93

18.41 ± 32.06

p value

0.0039

0.0700

0.0217

0.5010

0.0244

0.9680

0.0327

Income (THB) grouped by median

≤ 8,000

0.87 ± 0.14

73.71 ± 17.56

55.49 ± 13.73

67.40 ± 15.37

57.52 ± 20.72

63.32 ± 14.25

21.21 ± 37.61

> 8000

0.90 ± 0.16

79.94 ± 13.66

62.64 ± 13.67

69.65 ± 15.55

60.65 ± 18.52

67.03 ± 13.64

23.52 ± 24.06

p value

0.0009

0.0080

 < 0.0001

0.2415

0.1992

0.0328

0.0055

Warfarin indication

AF/Valve replacements

0.89 ± 0.14

77.25 ± 16.04

59.14 ± 13.66

68.53 ± 15.20

59.23 ± 19.46

65.08 ± 13.88

21.55 ± 31.87

DVT/PEs

0.82 ± 0.24

73.41 ± 14.83

59.55 ± 18.86

68.82 ± 18.55

58.05 ± 21.94

66.86 ± 15.83

27.35 ± 30.63

p value

0.1839

0.1603

0.9230

0.9344

0.7871

0.5694

0.9973

Comorbidities

No

0.94 ± 0.09

79.79 ± 14.80

64.85 ± 13.42

73.15 ± 14.39

65.63 ± 19.41

67.12 ± 12.83

29.61 ± 39.24

Yes

0.86 ± 0.17

75.60 ± 16.32

56.56 ± 13.71

66.44 ± 15.54

56.13 ± 19.07

64.36 ± 14.51

18.55 ± 27.36

p value

0.0001

0.0599

 < 0.0001

0.0011

0.0003

0.1406

0.0011

Smoking

Non-smokers

0.89 ± 0.16

77.18 ± 15.60

58.89 ± 13.91

68.61 ± 15.09

59.33 ± 19.26

65.31 ± 13.67

23.25 ± 34.96

Smokers

0.93 ± 0.09

73.24 ± 20.54

63.29 ± 16.96

67.76 ± 20.78

56.24 ± 25.02

64.12 ± 19.00

18.51 ± 18.23

p value

0.3999

0.5499

0.2147

0.8706

0.5306

0.8026

0.4217

Alcohol consumptions

Non-drinkers

0.88 ± 0.16

76.76 ± 16.11

58.36 ± 14.02

68.60 ± 15.21

59.08 ± 19.50

65.12 ± 13.91

21.80 ± 33.56

Drinkers

0.96 ± 0.07

78.03 ± 14.94

64.82 ± 13.83

68.27 ± 17.42

59.45 ± 20.90

66.00 ± 15.06

23.35 ± 28.69

p value

0.0003

0.7432

0.0138

0.9101

0.9195

0.7369

0.8649

INR level

Within target range (2–3)

0.90 ± 0.14

78.98 ± 16.06

60.43 ± 13.99

68.07 ± 14.99

59.49 ± 20.01

65.02 ± 14.68

18.49 ± 16.74

Out of target range

0.88 ± 0.17

75.10 ± 15.68

58.07 ± 14.21

68.99 ± 15.93

58.81 ± 19.38

65.41 ± 13.49

25.57 ± 41.07

p value

0.4168

0.0316

0.1778

0.6363

0.7811

0.8242

0.5170

Warfarin duration

 < 1 year

0.85 ± 0.18

70.44 ± 17.34

54.21 ± 15.80

68.38 ± 17.85

57.41 ± 20.82

65.15 ± 12.82

34.10 ± 53.55

 ≥ 1 year

0.89 ± 0.15

77.90 ± 15.54

59.92 ± 13.75

68.58 ± 15.13

59.39 ± 19.49

65.24 ± 14.23

20.46 ± 27.34

p value

0.0783

0.0195

0.0275

0.9437

0.5851

0.9703

0.1001