Table 5 Demographic data of test–retest analysis (n = 36)

Age^a

49.47 ± 16.35

Duration of diabetes mellitus^a

11.44 ± 8.21

Gender

 Female

 Male

16 (44.4)

20 (55.6)

Ethnicity

 Malay

 Chinese

 Indian

 Other

12 (33.3)

18 (83.3)

5 (13.9)

1 (2.8)

Education

 No formal education

 Primary education

 Secondary education

 Tertiary education

1 (2.8)

2 (5.6)

21 (58.3)

12 (33.3)

Family history of diabetes

26 (72.2)

Smoking

 Yes

 No

 Ex-smoker

1 (2.8)

32 (88.9)

3 (8.3)

Comorbids

 Hypertension

 Dyslipidemia

 Cardiovascular disease

 Kidney disease

 Stroke

 Retinopathy

 Neuropathy

21 (58.3)

20 (55.6)

5 (13.9)

2 (5.6)

2 (5.6)

9 (25.0)

10 (27.8)

 Others

9 (25.0)

Score test^b

16 (4)

Score retest^b

16 (4)