Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical characteristics before carbapenem initiation

Age (years old)

0.097^a*

  Mean (SD)

57.6 (18.3)

59.4 (16.1)

52.5 (22.9)

Gender

0.709

  Female

72 (51.4)

52 (50.5)

20 (54.1)

 Male

68 (48.6)

51 (49.5)

17 (45.9)

Race

0.504

 Malay

77 (55.0)

56 (54.4)

21 (56.8)

 Chinese

26 (18.6)

17 (16.5)

9 (24.3)

 Indian

34 (24.3)

28 (27.2)

6 (16.2)

 Others

3 (2.1)

2 (1.9)

1 (2.7)

Comorbidities

 Diabetes mellitus

67 (47.9)

56 (54.4)

11 (29.7)

0.010^*

 Hypertension

51 (36.4)

44 (42.7)

7 (18.9)

0.010^*

 Renal disease

27 (19.3)

18 (17.5)

9 (24.3)

0.365

 Stroke

24 (17.1)

23 (22.3)

1 (2.7)

0.007^*

 History of myocardial infarction

23 (16.4)

15 (14.6)

8 (21.6)

0.320

 Congestive heart failure

20 (14.3)

13 (12.6)

7 (18.9)

0.348

 Connective tissue disease

16 (11.4)

7 (6.8)

9 (24.3)

0.012^b*

Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)

  ≤ 3

63 (45.0)

43 (41.7)

20 (54.1)

0.197

 > 3

77 (55.0)

60 (58.3)

17 (45.9)

Hospitalisation within last 90 days

 Yes

37 (26.4)

26 (25.2)

11 (29.7)

0.595

 No

103 (73.6)

77 (74.8)

26 (70.3)

ICU admission within last 90 days

 Yes

11 (7.9)

5 (4.9)

6 (16.2)

0.067^b

 No

129 (92.1)

98 (95.1)

31 (83.8)

MRO infection within last 90 days

 Yes

6 (4.3)

3 (2.9)

3 (8.1)

0.188^b

 No

134 (95.7)

100 (97.1)

34 (919)

Broad-spectrum antibiotic use within last 90 days

 Yes

20 (14.3)

11 (10.7)

9 (24.3)

0.042^*

 No

120 (85.7)

92 (89.3)

28 (75.7)

Site of infection

0.283^b

 Respiratory

41 (29.3)

29 (28.2)

12 (32.4)

 Urinary tract

19 (13.6)

16 (15.5)

3 (8.1)

 Hepatobiliary

18 (12.9)

10 (9.7)

8 (21.6)

 Skin and soft tissue

13 (9.3)

12 (11.7)

1 (2.7)

 Blood stream

13 (9.3)

9 (8.7)

4 (10.8)

 Central nervous system

5 (3.6)

5 (4.9)

0 (0.0)

 Intra-abdominal

3 (2.1)

2 (1.9)

1 (2.7)

 Multiple foci

3 (2.1)

3 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

 Unknown source

25 (17.5)

17 (16.5)

8 (21.6

Organisms isolated

0.472^b

 No organism isolated

81 (57.9)

57 (55.3)

24 (64.9)

 K.pneumoniae (ESBL)

16 (11.4)

14 (13.6)

2 (5.4)

 K.pneumoniae (non-ESBL)

8 (5.7)

6 (5.8)

2 (5.4)

 K.pneumoniae (CRE)

1 (0.7)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

 E.coli (non-ESBL)

7 (5.0)

6 (5.8)

1 (2.7)

 E.coli (ESBL)

4 (2.9)

3 (2.9)

1 (2.7)

 P.aeruginosa

2 (1.4)

1 (1.0)

1 (2.7)

 P.aeruginosa (MRO)

2 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (5.4)

 Proteus spp. (ESBL)

2 (1.4)

2 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

 Proteus spp. (non-ESBL)

2 (1.4)

2 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

 Morganella morganii

2 (1.4)

2 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

 Gram positive

2 (1.4)

1 (1.0)

1 (2.7)

 A.baumanii (MRO)

2 (1.4)

2 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

Burkolderia pseudomallei

1 (0.7)

1 (1.0)

1 (1.0)

 Citrobacter spp. (ESBL)

1 (0.7)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

 Mixed growth

6 (4.3)

4 (3.9)

2 (5.4)

Presence of bacteraemia

23 (16.4)

18 (17.5)

5 (13.5)

0.577

Presence of sepsis/septic shock

44 (31.4)

30 (29.1)

14 (37.8)

0.328