Table 2 Median and mean research and development spend including probability of success, cost of capital, and tax rebates
Category and type | Sample N | Expenditure in US$, millions | Precision vs non-precision | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Mean | CI, 95% | Median | CI, 95% | p-value |
All (inconsistent use of CDx)) | 86 | 4432.1 | (3624.4–5239.7) | 3160.4 | (2645.9–3872.2) |  |
All (CDx use consistent) | 71 | 3973.5 | (3318.0–4816.4) | 2932.6 | (2160.3–3438.7) |  |
All precision | 42 | 3530.6 | (2729.2–4510.9) | 2641.3 | (2110.1–3545.7) |  |
All non-precision | 29 | 4614.9 | (3532.8–6054.4) | 3505.7 | (2736.8–5875.3) | 0.17 |
A&B precision | 13 | 2475.0 | (1730.7–3483.6) | 2110.1 | (829.5–2984.0) |  |
A&B non-precision | 9 | 6124.0 | (3472.8–10,007.6) | 2891.8 | (2645.9–10,749.0) | 0.03 |
C&D precision | 29 | 4003.7 | (2917.2–5422.0) | 2932.6 | (2018.9–3872.2) |  |
C&D non-precision | 20 | 3935.8 | (3040.7–4898.4) | 3787.6 | (3438.7–5881.6) | 0.94 |