Demographic | n = 175, n (%) | Perceived challenges | Attitude | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean(SD) | p-value | Mean(SD) | p-value | ||
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 31 (17.7%) | 3.27 (0.53) | 0.012* | 4.16 (0.42) | 0.180 |
 Female | 144 (82.3%) | 2.95 (0.66) |  | 4.27 (0.39) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Malay | 72 (41.1%) | 2.85 (0.66) | 0.010* | 4.17 (0.43) | 0.991 |
 Chinese | 84 (48.0%) | 3.15 (0.56) |  | 4.18 (0.40) |  |
 Indian | 19 (10.9%) | 2.94 (0.83) |  | 4.18 (0.45) |  |
Age group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 21–30 years old | 105 (60.0%) | 2.96 (0.67) | 0.258 | 4.14 (0.39) | 0.216 |
 31–50 years old | 70 (40.0%) | 3.07 (0.61) |  | 4.22 (0.44) |  |
Years of service | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 1 year | 60 (34.3%) | 2.80 (0.68) | 0.025* | 4.16 (0.39) | 0.995 |
 1–5 years | 78 (44.6%) | 3.09 (0.64) |  | 4.18 (0.44) |  |
 6–10 years | 22 (12.6%) | 3.19 (0.54) |  | 4.19 (0.37) |  |
 11–15 years | 15 (8.6%) | 3.11 (0.53) |  | 4.18 (0.46) |  |
Employment type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Trainee | 56 (32.0%) | 2.79 (0.63) | 0.009* | 4.10 (0.40) | 0.044* |
 Contract-based FRP | 26 (14.9%) | 3.01 (0.62) |  | 4.07 (0.40) |  |
 Permanent-based FRP | 93 (53.1%) | 3.13 (0.64) |  | 4.25 (0.41) |  |
Highest education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Bachelor’s Degree | 156 (89.1%) | 2.97 (0.66) | 0.047* | 4.16 (0.41) | 0.089 |
 Master’s Degree | 19 (10.9%) | 3.28 (0.55) |  | 4.33 (0.43) |  |
Wad discipline | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Medical | 124 (70.9%) | 2.99 (0.66) | 0.800 | 4.16 (0.42) | 0.468 |
 Pediatrics | 18 (10.3%) | 2.87 (0.68) |  | 4.07 (0.46) |  |
 Surgical | 9 (5.1%) | 3.22 (0.67) |  | 4.41 (0.49) |  |
 Orthopedics | 6 (3.4%) | 3.20 (0.48) |  | 4.28 (0.21) |  |
 ICU | 5 (2.9%) | 2.87 (0.70) |  | 4.36 (0.14) |  |
 A&E | 3(1.7%) | 3.26 (0.31) |  | 4.04 (0.17) |  |
 Multidisciplinary | 6 (3.4%) | 2.88 (0.71) |  | 4.31 (0.36) |  |
 Others | 4 (2.3%) | 3.27 (0.41) |  | 4.22 (0.33) |  |
Ward type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Non-COVID-19 | 152 (86.9%) | 3.02 (0.67) | 0.322 | 4.17 (0.42) | 0.727 |
 COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 | 23 (13.1%) | 2.88 (0.44) |  | 4.20 (0.38) |  |
PhIS type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Pharmacy based | 109 (62.3%) | 2.92 (0.60) | 0.168 | 4.07 (0.44) | 0.007* |
 Full based | 66 (37.7%) | 3.06 (0.67) |  | 4.24 (0.39) |  |