Table 4 Perception of various stakeholders on the methodologies for effluent treatment
Perception on the methodologies | Stakeholders supporting the perception | Verbatims |
|---|---|---|
ZLD is an unsatisfactory process | Large-scale Indian API manufacturing company of Haryana | “They (ZLD) vaporize the water; it goes into the environment only. This is even more dangerous. This is directly going to affect the environment. -(LAPI-H)” |
Multinational API manufacturing company of Haryana | "If they don't measure the treated water (in ZLD) and if an antibiotic is more than the PNEC value so there are also microbes in the cooling tower so they will also get resistant.-(MNC[API]-H)" | |
MEE is a fool proof method | Large-scale Indian API manufacturing company of Haryana | "Beta-lactam antibiotics are broken based on pH, water availability and temperature at room temperature, pH is around 4.8–5, and it's an amino acid. Today after production whatever aqueous solution is coming, we are putting it to equipment called Multiple-effect evaporator virtually heating is done there, a vacuum is applied and there are 3–4 columns called distilling columns. MEE especially for API industries is recommended today.-(LAPI-H)" |
ETP is an expensive affair | Small and medium-size Indian formulation companies of Haryana & Telangana Large-scale Indian API manufacturing company of Haryana | "They (pharmaceutical companies) do keep it (ETPs), but hardly run it. If the operational cost is 10000 for example, it is difficult for them to bear.-(SSP-H)" |
Pharmaceutical manufacturer association | “..the person who is able to bear the cost of ETP plants they use them and on another hand, the person who is not able to bear the cost of ETP plants, they establish the plant but they are not using them and don’t take it seriously.-(PMA-H)” | |
Upgradation of technology is needed | Multinational API & formulation manufacturing company of Telangana | "CPCB is under the impression that the simple biological treatment is sufficient which is wrong…(MNC[API&F]-T)" |
Separate industrial corridor is the solution | Medium-scale Indian formulation company of Haryana and Large-scale Indian API companies of Haryana | "In abroad, countries have made separate zone for different industries. All alike industries in one cluster not like ours, different industries in one zone …The best solution is to have a separate industrial corridor for the pharmaceutical industry.-(H-MSP)" |
Need for specialized treatment for antibiotics | Bulk Drug Manufacturers Association | “..see the treatment procedure depend on the type of effluent but generally they are same but certain places need specialized treatment-(BDMA)” |