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Table 3 Binary logistic regressions assessing significant factors associated with presence of potentially inappropriate medications either Beers or STOPP

From: Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications among hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 in Malaysian tertiary hospitals

 

Univariate

Multivariate

 

Crude OR/95% CI

p value

Adjusted OR/95% CI

p value

Age group

    

 60–70

Reference

   

 71–80

0.89 (0.58–1.36)

0.582

  

 81 and above

1.32 (0.72–2.42)

0.363

  

Gender

    

 Male

    

 Female

1.08 (0.65–1.81)

0.761

  

COVID-19 severity

    

 Category 1

Reference

   

 Category 2

0.87 (0.40–1.89)

0.715

  

 Category 3

1.57 (0.789–3.11)

0.200

  

 Category 4

1.38 (0.72–2.64)

0.329

  

 Category 5

1.61 (0.59–4.41)

0.352

  

Hospital admission in the past 12 months

    

 No

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Yes

2.64 (1.57–4.44)

< 0.001

2.23 (1.29–3.99)

0.004

History of ICU admission

    

 No

Reference

   

 Yes

1.38 (0.73–2.61)

0.324

  

Mechanical ventilation

    

 No

Reference

   

 Yes

1.34 (0.73–2.45)

0.346

  

Comorbidities status (at least one comorbid)

    

 No

    

 Yes

1.66 (1.14–2.40)

0.008

  

Number of discharge medication

    

 1–4

Reference

   

 5–10

5.19 (3.25–8.30)

< 0.001

5.33 (3.20–8.58)

< 0.001

 More than 10

11.44 (5.24–24.98)

< 0.001

10.75 (4.79–24.16)

< 0.001

  1. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio
  2. Backward stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Multicollinearity and interaction term were checked and not found. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P = 0.927) classification table (overall correctly classified percentage = 71.0%) and area under the curve (70.4%) were applied to check model fitness