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Table 6 Risk factors associated with the occurrence of any error, technique errors, and time errors

From: Observational study on medication administration errors at a University Hospital in Brazil: incidence, nature and associated factors

Risk factors

n (%)

Some error

Technique error

Time error

n (%)

OR (95%CI)

n (%)

OR (95%CI)

n (%)

OR (95%CI)

Administration hours

p = 0.761

 

p = 0.565

 

p = 0.859

 Day

338 (60.2)

124 (36.7)

1.036 (0.826–1.298)

50 (14.8)

1

38 (11.2)

1.045 (0.645–1.692)

 Night

223 (39.8)

79 (35.4)

1

37 (16.6)

1.122 (0.759–1.657)

24 (10.8)

1

Administration shift

p = 0.881

 

p = 0.323

 

p = 0.783

 Morning

144 (25.7)

51 (25.1)

0.998 (0.753–1.321)

17 (19.5)

0.737 (0.432–1.259)

15 (24.2)

1.003 (0.544–1.846)

 Afternoon

186 (33.2)

70 (34.5)

1.060 (0.822–1.386)

33 (37.9)

1.108 (0.722–1.699)

23 (37.1)

1.190 (0.695–2.039)

 Night

231 (41.2)

82 (40.4)

1

37 (42.5)

1

24 (38.7)

1

Day

  

p = 0.346

 

p = 0.977

 

p = 0.170

 Monday

66 (11.8)

24 (11.8)

1

11 (12.6)

1

6 (9.7)

1

 Tuesday

148 (26.4)

60 (29.6)

1.115 (0.767–1.621)

23 (26.4)

0.932 (0.483–1.799)

20 (32.3)

1.486 (0.626–3.530)

 Wednesday

98 (17.5)

33 (16.3)

0.926 (0.607–1.414)

14 (16.1)

0.857 (0.415–1.770)

8 (12.9)

0.898 (0.327–2.469)

 Thursday

131 (23.4)

50 (24.6)

1.050 (0.713–1.545)

18 (20.7)

0.824 (0.414–1.642)

17 (27.4)

1.427 (0.591–3.450)

 Friday

59 (10.5)

17 (8.4)

0.792 (0.475–1.323)

11 (12.6)

1.119 (0.524–2.388)

4 (6.5)

0.746 (0.221–2.515)

 Saturday

32 (5.7)

7 (3.4)

0.602 (0.290–1.246)

6 (6.9)

1.125 (0.457–2.769)

1 (1.6)

0.344 (0.043–2.736)

 Sunday

27 (4.8)

12 (5.9)

1.222 (0.720–2.074)

4 (4.6)

0.889 (0.310–2.548)

6 (9.7)

2.444 (0.865–6.911)

Route of administration

p < 0.001

    

 Intravenous

208 (37.1)

127 (61.1)

2.290 (0.982–5.337)

85 (40.9)

26 (12.5)

 Oral

275 (49.0)

54 (19.6)

0.736 (0.308–1.762)

2 (0.7)

30 (10.9)

 Subcutaneous

63 (11.2)

18 (28.6)

1.071 (0.425–2.704)

0 (0.0)

6 (9.5)

 Other

15 (2.7)

4 (26.7)

1

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

ATCC classification

p = 0.023

  

p = 0.463

 

 A

149 (26.6)

62 (30.5)

1.632 (0.898–2.968)

27 (31)

18 (29)

1.540 (0.521–4.551)

 B

77 (13.7)

20 (9.9)

1.019 (0.507–2.048)

7 (8.0)

8 (12.9)

1.325 (0.399–4.399)

 C

61 (10.9)

16 (7.9)

1.029 (0.495–2.139)

4 (4.6)

5 (8.1)

1.045 (0.721–6.778)

 J

75 (13.4)

31 (15.6)

1.622 (0.849–3.099)

18 (20.7)

13 (21)

2.210 (0.721–6.6778)

 N

148 (26.4)

61 (30)

1.617 (0.889–2.943)

31 (35.6)

14 (22.6)

1.206 (0.397–3.3664)

 Other

51 (9.1)

13 (6.4)

1

0 (0)

4 (6.5)

1

Interruptions

p = 0.001

 

p = 0.04

 

p = 0.01

 Yes

83 (14.8)

44 (53)

1.594 (1.255–2.024)

19 (22.9)

1.609 (1.024–2.529)

16 (19.3)

2.003 (1.192–3.366)

 No

478 (85.2)

159 (33.3)

1

68 (14.2)

1

46 (9.6)

1

Beds per technician

p = 0.228

 

p = 0.023

 

p = 0.908

 < 4

104 (18.5)

34 (16.7)

1

13 (14.9)

1

12 (19.4)

1

 4

322 (57.4)

112 (55.2)

1.064 (0.77–1.456)

43 (49.4)

1.068 (0.598–1.907)

34 (54.8)

0.915 (0.492–1.701)

 > 4

135 (24.1)

57 (28.1)

1.292 (0.920–1.813)

31 (35.6)

1.837 (1.013–3.331)

16 (25.8)

1.027 (0.508–2.076)

  1. Values are expressed as simple frequencies and percentages
  2. Bold values are statistically significant