Challenges constraining availability and affordability of insulin in Bengaluru region (Karnataka, India): evidence from a mixed-methods study

Table 5 Median consumer prices of insulin: online pharmacies Vs. retail pharmacies – adjusted to 100 IU 10 ml pack

	Online pharmacy prices (INR)					Retail pharmacy prices (INR)	p-value (retail vs overall online pharmacy)
	1 mg	Apollo	MedPlus	NetMeds	Overall (i.e. all online pharmacies combined)	Retail pharmacy prices (INR)	p-value (retail vs overall online pharmacy)
Human insulin
Vial	301.0	322.2	289.9	322.2	321.8 (n = 93)	323.5 (n = 187)	< 0.0001^a
Cartridge	794.8	585.5	715.5	590.2	654.8 (n = 40)	796.6 (n = 9)	0.2630
Pen	1092.7	1213.3	1092.0	1213.3	1213.3 (n = 9)	1170.0 (n = 16)	0.0545
Insulin analogues
Vial	1474.7	1421.8	1253.5	1633.3	1575.3 (n = 13)	1168.8 (n = 6)	0.0653
Cartridge	1920.0	1703.6	1578.1	1662.3	1672.2 (n = 33)	1794.0 (n = 12)	0.7273
Pen	2190.3	2240.0	2016.0	2141.1	2190.2 (n = 33)	2160.0 (n = 49)	0.0181^a

^aThe difference in median prices in retail pharmacy facilities and online pharmacies are statistically significant at α-significance level of 0.05 (Wilcoxon rank sum test) 'n' refers to the number of price data points used to calculate median consumer prices

ISSN: 2052-3211