Table 3 Brand or licensed brand median unit prices (US$) and medicine price ratios for branded generics and generics considering the brand or licensed brand as reference price, for antibiotics, antidiabetics and antihypertensives, in Brazil, 2002, 2006 and 2010

  Amoxicillin ^{a, c}

1.02

72.0%

24.9%

1.48

54.9%

38.6%

1.53

46.9%

44.8%

  Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid ^{a, c}

2.03

83.9%

66.8%

3.61

78.5%

49.1%

3.82

64.2%

75.4%

  Ampicillin ^{a, d}

1.06

75.2%

50.8%

1.49

49.4%

49.5%

1.82

35.6%

42.7%

  Ciprofloxacin ^{a, c}

2.71

72.2%

100.3%

10.75

19.1%

31.2%

12.33

15.0%

19.6%

  Levofloxacin ^{a, d}

6.01

*

*

9.26

45.1%

54.4%

11.63

39.4%

43.1%

  Norfloxacin ^{a, d}

1.50

55.8%

59.4%

1.94

55.9%

60.0%

2.34

53.0%

57.3%

  Cefaclor ^{a, d}

1.93

148.8%

*

2.39

144.8%

107.6%

3.57

*

72.2%

  Cefadoxil ^{a, c}

3.49

34.8%

43.6%

4.92

29.8%

36.9%

3.07

32.5%

67.1%

  Cefalexin ^{a, d}

1.53

78.2%

43.3%

1.74

81.7%

62.7%

2.13

64.0%

54.9%

  Cefuroxime axetil ^{b, c}

4.08

*

46.0%

4.99

*

42.5%

6.01

*

61.4%

  Cefalotin ^{b, d}

2.79

106.7%

114.3%

3.67

94.0%

80.7%

4.62

101.3%

65.7%

  Cefazolin ^{b, d}

5.58

110.4%

*

6.38

60.6%

*

4.29

262.2%

93.3%

  Cefepime ^{b, c}

19.10

*

*

25.05

171.3%

71.2%

57.79

87.8%

69.2%

  Ceftazidime ^{b, c}

29.97

56.6%

*

31.63

38.9%

47.2%

49.94

30.0%

30.0%

  Ceftriazone ^{b, c}

30.73

49.5%

25.4%

45.94

44.2%

23.5%

52.85

30.3%

30.0%

  Azitromycin ^{a, d}

6.91

68.4%

99.3%

6.38

80.6%

116.8%

7.62

48.5%

83.1%

  Claritromycin ^{a, d}

3.12

116.1%

82.1%

3.43

88.6%

118.2%

4.11

64.0%

119.3%

  Clindamycin ^{a, c}

2.00

97.6%

60.8%

2.84

58.6%

53.9%

3.41

53.0%

52.8%

  Erythromycin ^{a, d}

0.64

141.5%

*

0.71

139.8%

*

0.81

85.8%

111.7%

 Glibenclamide

0.16

57.9%

66.9%

0.20

63.9%

63.7%

0.25

53.7%

63.5%

 Glimepiride

0.38

161.7%

*

0.53

118.1%

117.0%

0.99

74.2%

78.8%

 Methyldopa ^c

0.37

167.3%

102.1%

0.48

123.7%

78.4%

0.59

108.5%

72.3%

  Spironolacton ^c

0.41

*

*

0.52

73.7%

64.4%

0.57

71.9%

65.7%

  Furosemide ^c

0.15

106.8%

86.0%

0.11

218.5%

183.6%

0.12

174.6%

139.4%

  Chlorthalidone ^c

0.19

88.3%

*

0.25

71.4%

66.0%

0.27

65.5%

79.7%

  Amiloride+hydrochlorothiazide ^c

0.20

97.1%

*

0.26

92.1%

68.1%

0.30

94.7%

64.7%

  Atenolol ^c

0.44

68.9%

59.0%

0.61

53.3%

46.8%

0.70

46.9%

41.5%

  Carvedilol ^c

1.06

65.3%

*

1.57

38.1%

48.8%

1.91

32.7%

46.8%

  Metoprolol ^c

0.51

*

45.1%

0.36

*

89.2%

0.42

*

87.6%

  Propranolol ^c

0.11

63.0%

*

0.16

58.7%

56.8%

0.18

60.3%

57.1%

  Sotalol ^c

0.85

*

79.5%

1.33

65.4%

71.4%

1.58

75.8%

71.0%

  Atenolol+Chlorthalidone ^c

0.60

71.0%

*

0.83

58.7%

52.2%

0.94

55.3%

49.5%

  Amlodipine ^c

1.51

52.7%

50.5%

1.88

36.9%

41.6%

2.11

34.4%

46.2%

  Diltiazem ^d

0.45

119.6%

29.1%

0.55

140.2%

36.0%

1.01

101.1%

34.7%

  Felodipine ^c

1.20

*

*

1.62

76.5%

84.1%

1.92

*

50.1%

  Verapamil ^c

0.40

70.1%

91.4%

0.57

58.2%

52.1%

0.62

42.0%

56.8%

  Captopril ^c

0.58

54.0%

57.9%

0.87

38.5%

44.7%

1.09

30.6%

41.1%

  Enalapril ^c

0.97

39.4%

41.9%

0.46

97.9%

113.8%

0.33

146.2%

170.5%

  Lisinopril ^c

0.82

59.0%

61.6%

1.09

59.3%

62.3%

1.50

45.5%

53.7%

  Ramipril ^c

0.66

122.6%

*

2.66

40.7%

42.5%

3.23

30.9%

32.7%

  Captopril+ hydrochlorothiazide ^c

1.12

68.2%

*

1.57

73.1%

58.6%

1.79

46.4%

60.4%

  Enalapril+ hydrochlorothiazide ^c

1.04

65.3%

*

1.36

54.5%

61.0%

0.93

87.8%

107.7%

  Lisinopril+ hydrochlorothiazide ^c

1.10

131.4%

*

1.40

60.9%

108.2%

1.60

69.0%

*

  Ramirpil+ hydrochlorothiazide ^c

2.18

48.1%

*

3.08

46.6%

*

3.49

37.4%

44.8%

  Losartan ^d

1.76

62.9%

*

2.48

40.2%

36.4%

1.06

68.4%

63.5%

  Losartan+ hydrochlorothiazide ^d

1.76

75.2%

*

2.49

35.6%

55.1%

1.54

61.8%

82.1%