Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with pre-dialysis controlled hypertension at baseline (n = 145)
| Variables |
Patients with pre-dialysis controlled hypertension at baseline Number (%) |
Univariate analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value |
Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 18 (24) | 57 (76) | Reference | |||
| Male | 12 (17.1) | 58 (82.9) | 0.655 (0.289-1.483) | 0.310 | ||
| Age | ||||||
| ≤ 40 | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | Reference | |||
| 41-60 | 15 (18.1) | 68 (81.9) | 1.324 (0.148-11.821) | 0.802 | ||
| > 60 | 14 (25.5) | 41 (74.5) | 2.049 (0.227-18.531) | 0.523 | ||
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Normal | 17 (18.9) | 73 (81.1) | 0.233 (0.043-1.256) | 0.090 | 0.597 (0.080-4.470) | 0.615 |
| Overweight | 7 (16.7) | 35 (83.3) | 0.200 (0.033-1.203) | 0.079 | 0.378 (0.036-3.951) | 0.417 |
| Obese | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | 0.750 (0.084-6.710) | 0.797 | 1.737 (0.109-1.851) | 0.268 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current Smoker | 8 (18.2) | 36 (81.8) | Reference | |||
| Non-Smoker | 22 (21.8) | 79 (78.2) | 1.253 (0.509-3.083) | 0.623 | ||
| Drug addiction | ||||||
| Current drug addiction | 5 (31.3) | 11 (68.8) | Reference | |||
| No drug addiction | 25 (19.4) | 104 (80.6) | 0.529 (0.169-1.660) | 0.275 | ||
| Hemodialysis centers | ||||||
| Private | 16 (19) | 68 (81) | Reference | Reference | ||
| NGO | 3 (12.5) | 21 (87.5) | 0.607 (0.161-2.288) | 0.461 | 0.448 (0.109-1.851) | 0.268 |
| Governmental | 11 (29.7) | 26 (70.3) | 1.798 (0.738-4.382) | 0.197 | 0.959 (0.299-3.077) | 0.944 |
| Vascular access | ||||||
| Fistula | 28 (20.7) | 107 (79.3) | Reference | |||
| Others | 2 (20) | 8 (80) | 0.955 (0.192-4.753) | 0.956 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| No | 10 (20.8) | 38 (79.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 20 (20.6) | 77 (79.4) | 0.987 (0.421-2.316) | 0.976 | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases | ||||||
| No | 26 (20.8) | 99 (79.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 4 (20) | 16 (80) | 0.952 (0.293-3.091) | 0.935 | ||
| Cerebrovascular accident | ||||||
| No | 27 (20.6) | 104 (79.4) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 3 (21.4) | 11 (78.6) | 1.051 (0.274-4.032) | 0.943 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| No | 30 (24) | 95 (76) | Non-computable | |||
| Yes | – | 20 (100) | – | |||
| Gouty arthritis | ||||||
| No | 29 (22.8) | 98 (77.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | 0.199 (0.25-1.558) | 0.124 | 0.304 (0.033-2.770) | 0.291 |
| Others comorbiditiesa | ||||||
| No | 18 (17.3) | 86 (82.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 12 (29.3) | 29 (70.7) | 1.977 (0.851-4.593) | 0.113 | 2.307 (0.851-6.260) | 0.101 |
| ACE-I | ||||||
| No | 30 (22.6) | 103 (77.4) | Non-Computable | |||
| Yes | – | 12 (100) | – | |||
| ARB | ||||||
| No | 20 (18.3) | 89 (81.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 10 (27.8) | 26 (72.2) | 1.712 (0.713-4.109) | 0.229 | 3.436 (0.965-12.238) | 0.061 |
| CCB | ||||||
| No | 13 (12.7) | 89 (87.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 17 (39.5) | 26 (60.5) | 4.476 (1.925-10.411) | 0.001 | 7.530 (2.413-23.498) | 0.001 |
| Alpha antagonist | ||||||
| No | 27 (19.4) | 112 (80.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 4.148 (0.793-21.698) | 0.092 | 4.049 (0.510-32.120) | 0.186 |
| Beta antagonist | ||||||
| No | 19 (18.4) | 84 (81.6) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 11 (26.2) | 31 (73.8) | 1.569 (0.671-3.667) | 0.299 | ||
| Diuretics | ||||||
| No | 23 (22.1) | 81 (77.9) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 7 (17.1) | 34 (82.9) | 0.725 (0.284-1.849) | 0.501 | ||
| Other combination of antihypertensives | ||||||
| No | 27 (20.8) | 103 (79.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 3 (20) | 12 (80) | 0.954 (0.251-3.621) | 0.944 | ||
| Type of therapy | ||||||
| Mono-therapy | 15 (19) | 64 (81) | Reference | |||
| Multi-therapy | 15 (22.7) | 51 (77.3) | 1.255 (0.561-2.806) | 0.580 | ||
| Statins | ||||||
| No | 8 (20) | 32 (80) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 22 (21) | 83 (79) | 1.060 (0.428-2.624) | 0.899 | ||
| Phosphate binders | ||||||
| No | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 25 (19.7) | 102 (80.3) | 0.637 (0.208-1.954) | 0.431 | ||