Table 2 Proposed minimum and maximum out-of-pocket cost per R&D phase for SME antibiotic innovation for DRIVE-AB models
R&D Phase | General Pharmaceutical R&D Costs | Sertkaya et al. [23] | Proposed Minimum Cost | Proposed Maximum Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lead compound identification | USD 2.5 million [22] | (Used general pharmaceutical cost) | € 100,000 | € 2.5 million |
Lead compound optimization | USD 10 million [22] | (Used general pharmaceutical cost) | € 1 million | € 5 million |
Preclinical testing | USD 5 million [22] | (Used general pharmaceutical cost) | € 1 million | € 5 million |
Phase I clinical trials | USD 25 million [17] | USD 10 million | € 1 million | € 10 million |
Phase II clinical trials | USD 35 million [17] | USD 9–16 million | € 1 million | € 20 million |