Table 1 Characteristics of hospitalized elderly population
From: Drug utilization patterns among elderly hospitalized patients on poly-pharmacy in Punjab, Pakistan
Variables | Male (n = 316) | Female (n = 284) | Total (n = 600) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Age (years) | 60–74 | 239 (75.6) | 183 (64.4) | 422 (70.3) |
75–89 | 57 (18) | 76 (26.8) | 133 (22.2) | |
≥90 | 20 (6.3) | 25 (8.8) | 45 (7.5) | |
Civil Status | Single | 15 (4.7) | 6 (2.1) | 21 (3.5) |
Married | 284 (89.9) | 178 (62.7) | 462 (77) | |
Widowed | 13 (4.1) | 78 (27.5) | 91 (15.2) | |
Divorced | 4 (1.3) | 22 (7.7) | 26 (4.3) | |
Education level | Primary (≤10 years) | 259 (82) | 262 (92.3) | 521 (86.8) |
Secondary (11–13 years) | 54 (17.1) | 21 (7.4) | 75 (12.5) | |
Tertiary (≥14 years) | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | 4 (0.7) | |
Annual income | Low class (PKR0–299,999) | 237 (75) | 240 (84.5) | 477 (79.5) |
Middle class (PKR300,000–999,999) | 63 (19.9) | 41 (14.4) | 104 (17.3) | |
Upper class (PKR ≥ 1,000,000) | 16 (5.1) | 3 (1.1) | 19 (3.2) | |
Employment status | Employed | 114 (36.1) | 39 (13.7) | 153 (25.5) |
Unemployed | 202 (63.9) | 245 (86.3) | 447 (74.5) | |
Residence | Rural (an area outside of cities and towns) | 177 (56) | 158 (55.6) | 335 (55.8) |
Urban (a city area considered as the inner city) | 139 (44) | 126 (44.4) | 265 (44.2) | |
Self-reported health | Good | 14 (4.4) | 20 (7) | 34 (5.7) |
Moderate | 208 (65.8) | 160 (56.3) | 368 (61.3) | |
Poor | 94 (29.7) | 104 (36.6) | 198 (33) | |
Health Service Utilization | Clinic visits ≤3/year | 207 (65.5) | 165 (58.1) | 372 (62) |
Clinic visits ≥4/year | 109 (34.5) | 119 (41.9) | 228 (38) | |
Health Risks | Smoking | 189 (59.8) | 38 (13.4) | 227 (37.8) |
Alcohol Consumption | 5 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.8) | |
Obesity | 48 (15.2) | 166 (58.5) | 214 (35.7) | |
None | 74 (23.4) | 80 (28.2) | 154 (25.7) | |
Co-morbidity | Present | 163 (51.6) | 161 (56.7) | 324 (54) |
Absent | 153 (48.4) | 123 (43.3) | 276 (46) | |
Number of drugs | 5 | 251 (79.4) | 204 (71.8) | 455 (75.8) |
6 | 53 (16.8) | 62 (21.8) | 115 (19.2) | |
7 | 11 (3.5) | 15 (5.3) | 26 (4.3) | |
8 | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.1) | 4 (0.7) | |