Awareness, practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship in Libya: a cross-sectional study

Al-Shami, Hiba A.; Abubakar, Usman; Hussein, Maryam S. E.; Hussin, Hanin F. A.; Al-Shami, Sondos A.

doi:10.1186/s40545-023-00555-y

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

Table 5 Differences in the total median score for perception towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship and total score for practices towards antibiotic use among community pharmacists

From: Awareness, practices and perceptions of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship in Libya: a cross-sectional study

Variable	Median total perception towards AMR (IQR)	P value	Median total practices towards antibiotic use (IQR)	P value	Median total perception towards AMS (IQR)	P value	Median total perception towards AMS strategies (IQR)	P value
Gender
Male	21.5 (15–28)	0.011	35.5 (25–48)	0.005	20.0 (13–25)	0.293	37.0 (25–45)	0.963
Female	22.0 (17–29)	0.011	37.0 (23–49)	0.005	20.0 (13–25)	0.293	36.0 (18–45)	0.963
Years of experience
Less than 10 years	22.0 (15–29)	0.209	36.5 (23–49)	0.418	20.0 (13–25)	0.294	36.0 (18–45)	0.380
More than 10 years	24.0 (18–28)	0.209	37.0 (31–38)	0.418	21.0 (13–25)	0.294	39.0 (31–44)	0.380
Highest qualification
Undergraduate degree	22.0 (15–28)	0.331	37.0 (23–49)	0.260	20.0 (13–25)	0.013	37.0 (18–45)	0.903
Postgraduate degree	20.0 (18–29)	0.331	36.5 (25–45)	0.260	19.0 (13–24)	0.013	36.5 (25–45)	0.903
Type of pharmacy
Chain pharmacy	21.5 (15–25)	0.150	37.0 (23–49)	0.019	20.0 (13–25)	0.363	36.0 (23–45)	0.242
Independent pharmacy	22.0 (15–29)	0.150	33.0 (27–47)	0.019	20 (13–25)	0.363	37.0 (18–45)	0.242
Is there any community pharmacy within 200 m radius away from your pharmacy?
Yes	22.0 (15–29)	0.407	37.0 (23–49)	0.789	20.0 (13–25)	0.137	36.0 (18–45)	0.508
No/I do not know	22.0 (16–28)	0.407	36.5 (27–48)	0.789	19.0 (13–25)	0.137	38.0 (20–45)	0.508
Do you have pharmacy assistants in your community pharmacy?
Yes	22.0 (15–28)	0.341	34.0 (23–49)	0.025	20.0 (13–25)	0.664	37.0 (27–45)	0.761
No/I do not know	22.0 (18–29)	0.341	38.5 (27–47)	0.025	20.0 (13–25)	0.664	36.0 (18–45)	0.761
Previous involvement in antibiotic awareness campaign
Yes	21.0 (16–28)	0.006	32.0 (25–48)	< 0.001	19.0 (13–25)	0.032	35.0 (20–45)	0.090
No	22.0 (15–29)	0.006	37.5 (23–49)	< 0.001	20.0 (13–25)	0.032	36.5 (18–45)	0.090
Are you interested in taken part in antibiotic awareness campaign to promote rational use of antibiotics?
Yes	22.0 (15–29)	0.471	36.0 (25–49)	0.845	20.0 (13–25)	0.356	36.0 (18–25)	0.907
No	23.0 (20–24)	0.471	37.0 (23–47)	0.845	21.0 (14–25)	0.356	37.0 (33–44)	0.907

Bold font denotes statistical significance

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ISSN: 2052-3211

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