When a neglected tropical zoonotic disease emerges in non-endemic countries: need to proactively fill the unveiled knowledge gaps towards human monkeypox among the Lebanese population

Youssef, Dalal; Abboud, Edmond; Kawtharani, Malak; Zheim, Zahraa; Abou Arrage, Nisrine; Youssef, Janet

doi:10.1186/s40545-023-00544-1

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

Table 5 Factors associated with each knowledge domain

From: When a neglected tropical zoonotic disease emerges in non-endemic countries: need to proactively fill the unveiled knowledge gaps towards human monkeypox among the Lebanese population

	General knowledge
	P value	aOR	CI 95%
	P value	aOR	Lower	Upper
Educational level	0.003
Secondary or below	Ref.
University or above		1.128	1.019	2.714
Occupation	0.046
Outside the medical field	Ref.
Medical field		1.378	1.211	2.828
Not working		1.042	0.819	4.322
Transmission routes
Gender	< 0.001
Male	Ref.
Female		0.870	0.613	0.941
Age (years)	< 0.001
18–29	Ref.
30–49		1.233	0.722	2.104
50 and above		0.364	0.122	0.563
Educational level	< 0.001
Secondary or below	Ref.
University or above		1.243	1.032	3.801
Occupation	< 0.001
Outside the medical field	Ref.
Medical field		2.923	1.770	4.828
Not working		1.912	0.733	2.512
Urbanicity	< 0.001
Urban	Ref.
Rural		0.293	0.174	0.492
Suffering from chronic disease/immunodeficiency	0.032
No	Ref.
Yes		1.151	1.072	1.318
Self-reported economic situation	< 0.001
Low	Ref.
Moderate/high		2.441	1.397	4.183
Clinical presentation of the MPX
Gender	0.032
Male	Ref.
Female		0.870	0.613	0.941
Educational level	0.048
Secondary or below	Ref.
University or above		1.243	1.032	3.801
Occupation	0.007
Outside the medical field	Ref.
Medical field		3.237	1.410	7.435
Not working		1.216	0.482	3.067
Urbanicity	0.003
Urban	Ref.
Rural		0.812	0.427	0.942
Suffering from chronic disease/immunodeficiency	0.007
No	Ref.
Yes		1.204	1.137	4.146
Self-reported economic situation	< 0.001
Low	Ref.
Moderate/high		1.883	1.321	3.122
Severity of MPX
Gender	0.032
Male	Ref.
Female		0.870	0.613	0.941
Age (years)	0.003
18–29	Ref.
30–49		0.743	0.381	0.908
50 and above		0.514	0.317	0.771
Educational level	0.048
Secondary or below	Ref.
University or above		1.243	1.032	3.801
Occupation	0.006
Outside the medical field	Ref.
Medical field		1.932	1.311	3.419
Not working		1.132	0.821	2.712
Urbanicity	0.023
Urban	Ref.
Rural		0.412	0.227	0.861
Suffering from chronic disease/immunodeficiency	0.032
No	Ref.
Yes		1.231	1.128	2.002
Self-reported economic situation	< 0.001
Low	Ref.
Moderate/high		1.881	1.492	5.034
Treatment, vaccines, and case management
Gender	0.002
Male	Ref.
Female		0.717	0.489	0.894
Educational level	0.011
Secondary or below	Ref.
University or above		2.328	1.417	5.043
Occupation	< 0.001
Outside the medical field	Ref.
Medical field		2.132	1.422	4.129
Not working		1.782	0.773	4.237
Urbanicity	< 0.001
Urban	Ref.
Rural		0.741	0.539	0.948
Self-reported economic situation	< 0.001
Low	Ref.
Moderate/high		1.749	1.138	3.918
Precautions measures
Age (years)	< 0.001
18–29	Ref.
30–49		0.858	0.461	1.596
50 and above		0.124	0.040	0.386
Occupation	0.024
Outside the medical field	Ref.
Medical field		1.833	1.083	3.103
Not working		1.152	0.639	2.077
Urbanicity	0.002
Urban	Ref.
Rural		0.362	0.191	0.688
Suffering from chronic disease/immunodeficiency	0.032
No	Ref.
Yes		1.913	1.098	3.334
Self-reported economic situation	< 0.001
Low	Ref.
Moderate/high		1.749	1.138	3.918
Response to possible exposure
Occupation	0.002
Outside the medical field	Ref.
Not working		1.588	0.926	3.780
Urbanicity	0.018
Urban	Ref.
Rural		0.644	0.382	0.879

aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval

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ISSN: 2052-3211

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