Table 2 Cold chain management practices at the health facilities
From: Evaluation of vaccine storage and distribution practices in rural healthcare facilities in Kenya
Characteristics | Status | Number (n = 122) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Availability of a utilized standardized forecasting tool for the staff to calculate their vaccine needs | Available | 109 | 89.34 |
Use of a counter requisition and issue voucher during requisition of the vaccine orders | Used | 71 | 58.20 |
Vaccines issued as requested | Yes | 89 | 72.95 |
Temperature recording during receipt of vaccines at the health facility | Recorded | 91 | 74.59 |
Recording of VVM status during receipt of vaccines at the health facility | Recorded | 112 | 91.80 |
Knowledge of the facility staff on the ability to detect frozen vaccines during transportation | Able | 99 | 81.15 |
Ability of the staff to conduct a freeze test | Able | 82 | 67.21 |
Distribution of vaccines with matching quantity of diluents | Matches | 114 | 93.44 |
Documentation of vaccine losses in stock records | Being done | 54 | 44.26 |
No data available | 25 | 20.49 | |
Vaccine loss of less than 1% due to incorrect transport conditions from the supplying store | Yes | 93 | 76.23 |
Awareness of the staff on correct storage temperature range of vaccines | Aware | 115 | 95.08 |
Ability of the staff to give the correct temperature range of frozen vaccines | Able | 108 | 88.52 |
Availability of twice daily manual temperature records for vaccines | Available | 82 | 67.21 |
Vaccine arranged in trays as per recommendation | Yes | 113 | 92.62 |
Updates on vaccine receipts and dispatches | Being done | 114 | 93.44 |
Documentation of vaccine and diluent vial sizes | Done | 103 | 84.43 |
Recording of vaccine and diluent batch/lot numbers | Recorded | 119 | 97.54 |
Recording of vaccine and diluent expiry dates | Recorded | 120 | 98.36 |
Vaccine distribution done according to FEFO principle | Yes | 118 | 96.72 |
Ability of staff to make exceptions to FEFO during issuing | Able | 116 | 95.08 |
Conducting and recording physical counts during the past 6 months | Documented | 110 | 90.16 |
Vaccines tallying with what is documented on the ledger | Tallies | 103 | 85.12 |
Vaccine store clean and free from pest infestation | Yes | 119 | 97.54 |
Vaccines being stored correctly, i.e., no freeze sensitive vaccines stored close to the evaporator plate | Yes | 112 | 91.80 |
Use of matching diluents with vaccines | Yes | 120 | 98.36 |
Diluents always kept in cold chain before and during every immunization session | Cooled | 115 | 94.26 |
Vaccine carriers containing foam pads | Contains | 53 | 43.44 |
Availability of well displayed IEC material on VVM interpretation | Available | 97 | 79.51 |
Ability of health worker to read and interpret vaccine vial monitor (VVM) | Able | 121 | 99.18 |
Ability to use VVM status for vaccine management, i.e., stage II vaccines used first | Able | 121 | 99.18 |
Adoption of the multi vial dose policy (MDVP) at the facility during sessions | Adopted | 99 | 81.15 |
Ability of the health worker to explain on how to use the MDVP | Able | 94 | 77.05 |