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Table 7 Bivariate analysis taking the KAP scales as the dependent variables

From: Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the disposal of expired and unused medications among the Lebanese population

 

Knowledge scale

p-value

Attitude scale

p-value

Practice scale

p-value

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

 

Mean ± SD

 

Gender

      

 Female

22.99 ± 6.07

0.045

5.46 ± 1.41

0.002

2.97 ± 1.76

0.065

 Male

22.03 ± 6.37

5.09 ± 1.65

3.22 ± 1.76

Education level

      

 Illiterate

13.83 ± 2.56

 < 0.001

4.00 ± 2.09

0.023

3.66 ± 2.80

0.202

 Primary

12.66 ± 1.52

5.33 ± 2.08

3.33 ± 2.30

 Secondary

21.86 ± 5.31

4.90 ± 1.55

2.63 ± 1.79

 University

22.81 ± 6.22

5.36 ± 1.49

3.07 ± 1.75

 Postgraduate

23.09 ± 6.22

5.50 ± 1.50

3.27 ± 1.71

Place of living

      

 Urban

22.89 ± 6.28

0.068

5.31 ± 1.50

0.607

3.15 ± 1.76

0.015

 Rural

21.92 ± 5.89

5.38 ± 1.53

2.79 ± 1.73

Marital status

      

 Single/divorced/widowed

22.65 ± 6.29

0.941

5.23 ± 1.55

 < 0.001

3.08 ± 1.79

0.505

 Married

22.61 ± 5.80

5.71 ± 1.24

2.97 ± 1.64

Occupation

      

 Unemployed

22.82 ± 6.11

0.266

5.25 ± 1.53

0.045

3.01 ± 1.77

0.271

 Employed

22.28 ± 6.35

5.48 ± 1.46

3.16 ± 1.74

Monthly income

      

 No income

22.56 ± 6.10

0.001

5.18 ± 1.57

0.010

2.95 ± 1.70

0.045

 Low

18.94 ± 7.01

5.16 ± 1.34

3.67 ± 1.70

 Intermediate

22.80 ± 5.93

5.48 ± 1.39

3.02 ± 1.67

 High

23.62 ± 6.19

5.62 ± 1.45

3.25 ± 1.97

Healthcare professional*

 Yes

22.90 ± 6.66

0.483

5.24 ± 1.51

0.331

3.61 ± 1.83

 < 0.001

 No

22.53 ± 5.98

5.36 ± 1.51

2.82 ± 1.68

Pharmacist

      

 Yes

22.97 ± 7.07

0.552

5.14 ± 1.58

0.159

3.86 ± 1.85

 < 0.001

 No

22.59 ± 6.03

5.36 ± 1.49

2.92 ± 1.71

Physician

      

 Yes

19.62 ± 7.84

0.031

5.28 ± 1.50

0.851

3.84 ± 1.91

0.011

 No

22.78 ± 6.08

5.33 ± 1.51

3.03 ± 1.75

Nurse

      

 Yes

20.31 ± 6.41

0.013

4.90 ± 1.41

0.062

3.87 ± 1.96

0.002

 No

22.78 ± 6.16

5.35 ± 1.51

3.01 ± 1.74

Dentist

      

 Yes

21.73 ± 7.35

0.442

5.50 ± 1.14

0.562

4.03 ± 1.82

0.004

 No

22.68 ± 6.15

5.32 ± 1.52

3.03 ± 1.75

Other

      

 Yes

21.73 ± 6.84

0.155

5.26 ± 1.57

0.693

3.64 ± 1.75

0.002

 No

22.76 ± 6.11

5.33 ± 1.50

2.99 ± 1.75

Presence of a healthcare professional in the family*

 Yes

22.76 ± 6.34

0.679

5.37 ± 1.43

0.536

3.32 ± 1.86

0.002

 No

22.57 ± 6.10

 

5.30 ± 1.56

 

2.89 ± 1.67

 

Pharmacist

      

 Yes

21.97 ± 6.64

0.156

5.25 ± 1.44

0.496

3.44 ± 1.85

0.005

 No

22.80 ± 6.08

 

5.34 ± 1.53

 

2.97 ± 1.73

Physician

      

 Yes

21.67 ± 7.10

0.119

5.39 ± 1.57

0.693

3.68 ± 2.04

0.003

 No

22.78 ± 6.06

 

5.32 ± 1.50

 

2.98 ± 1.70

Nurse

      

 Yes

22.07 ± 6.23

0.276

5.35 ± 1.28

0.877

3.41 ± 1.78

0.019

 No

22.75 ± 6.19

 

5.32 ± 1.55

 

3.00 ± 1.75

 

Dentist

      

 Yes

21.46 ± 7.09

0.202

5.09 ± 1.59

0.230

3.55 ± 2.06

0.072

 No

22.74 ± 6.12

 

5.34 ± 1.50

 

3.02 ± 1.73

 

Other

      

 Yes

21.81 ± 7.23

0.266

5.30 ± 1.42

0.890

3.66 ± 1.87

0.001

 No

22.75 ± 6.05

 

5.33 ± 1.52

 

2.99 ± 1.73

 
 

Correlation coefficient

 

Correlation coefficient

 

Correlation coefficient

 

Age

− 0.085

0.021

0.076

0.039

− 0.051

0.171

Household crowding index

− 0.046

0.214

− 0.064

0.084

− 0.018

0.632

Knowledge scale

  

0.295

 < 0.001

0.060

0.103

Attitude scale

0.295

 < 0.001

–

–

0.179

 < 0.001

Practice scale

0.060

0.103

0.179

 < 0.001

  
  1. *Values marked in bold are significant