Table 4 The rates of antibiotics consumption by ward types, patient demographics, the purpose of use, and types of antibiotics used among hospitalized adult patients at JMC (n = 360)
Variables | Sum of DOT (%) | Sum of BD | DOT/100BD |
|---|---|---|---|
Wards JMC | |||
Medical | 3266 (61.1) | 2702 | 120.9 |
Surgical | 1359 (24.5) | 1293 | 105.1 |
GYN/OBS | 912 (16.4) | 993 | 91.8 |
Sex of the patients | |||
Male | 3024 (54.6) | 2437 | 124.1 |
Female | 2513 (45.4) | 2551 | 98.5 |
WHO standard age group | |||
18–47 years old (young group) | 4021 (72.6) | 3454 | 116.4 |
48–63 years old (middle age group) | 1021 (18.4) | 1022 | 99.9 |
≥ 64 years old (elderly group) | 495 (9.0) | 512 | 96.7 |
Antibiotics use purposes | |||
Prophylaxis | 319 (5.8) | 703 | 45.4 |
Treatment | 3814 (68.9) | 3243 | 117.6 |
Both prophylaxis and treatment | 1404 (25.3) | 1042 | 134.7 |
Rates of antibiotics utilization in JMC during the study duration | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Overall days of therapy and bed-days (denominators) | 5537 (100.0) | 4988 | 111DOT/100BD |
Penicillins | |||
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cloxacillin | 766 (13.8) | The common denominator (4988) | 15.36 |
Cephalosporins | |||
Cephalexin, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime | 5982 (108) | 119.93 | |
Macrolides | |||
Azithromycin and clarithromycin | 508 (9.2) | 10.18 | |
Fluoroquinolones | |||
Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin | 632 (11.4) | 12.67 | |
Augmentin | |||
Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | 130 (2.3) | 2.61 | |
Cotrimoxazole | |||
Trimethoprim–sulfonamide | 646 (11.7) | 12.95 | |
Tetracyclines | |||
Doxycycline | 284 (5.1) | 5.69 | |
Aminoglycosides | |||
Gentamicin | 84 (1.5) | 1.68 | |
Nitro-imidazole | |||
Metronidazole | 2699 (48.7) | 54.11 | |
Carbapenems | |||
Meropenem | 111 (2.0) | 2.23 | |
Glycopeptides | |||
Vancomycin | 1970 (35.6) | 49.49 | |
Others | |||
Other antibiotics* | 174 (3.1) | 3.48 | |
Mean ± standard deviation (Range) | 15.4 ± 14.4 (1–90) | 13.9 ± 9.0 (1–67) | |