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Table 2 Relation between demographic data and both Hamilton Rating Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 at the beginning of the study

From: The effect of COVID-19 home quarantine on the psychological state of pharmacy students: a cross-sectional study

 

n

Hamilton Rating Scale

Patient Health Questionnaire-9

Mean ± st. deviation

p value

Mean ± st. deviation

p value

Gender

Male

102

5.33 ± 4.317

0.005

3.74 ± 3.279

0.02

Female

166

6.90 ± 4.429

 

4.73 ± 3.510

 

Family income

< 5000 E.P

51

11.55 ± 3

< 0.001

7.80 ± 2.706

< 0.001

> 5000 E.P

217

5.07 ± 3.78

 

3.54 ± 3.093

 

Parental marital status

Married

241

5.79 ± 4.07

< 0.001

3.99 ± 3.251

< 0.001

Divorced, separated or widowed

27

10.85 ± 5.14

 

7.59 ± 3.565

 

Residence

Urban

236

6.34 ± 4.48

0.71

4.44 ± 3.512

0.25

Rural

32

6.03 ± 4.27

 

3.69 ± 2.934

 

Physical index

Sedentary

248

6.56 ± 4.491

< 0.001

4.55 ± 3.497

< 0.001

Not good enough

20

3.29 ± 2.305

 

2 ± 1.5

 

Special habits

Tea or coffee > 3 times/D

106

6.45 ± 4.76

0.45

4.46 ± 3.87

0.62

Smoking

14

4.86 ± 2.958

 

3.50 ± 2.21

 

None

148

6.33 ± 4.323

 

4.36 ± 3.23

 

Screen time

< 4 H/D

22

6.5 ± 4.47

0.13

4.5 ± 2.91

0.69

4–6 H/D

40

5 ± 3.35

 

3.93 ± 2.65

 

> 6 H/D

206

6.53 ± 4.6

 

4.42 ± 3.64

 

Sleep time

< 6 H/D

38

11.47 ± 3.58

< 0.001

7.53 ± 3.25

< 0.001

6–8 H/D

97

3.78 ± 2.84

 

2.80 ± 1.99

 

> 8 H/D

133

6.66 ± 4.24

 

4.58 ± 3.68

 

Studying time

< 4 H/D

152

6.66 ± 4.52

0.16

4.55 ± 3.6

0.34

4–6 H/D

73

6.22 ± 4.49

 

4.34 ± 3.43

 

> 6 H/D

43

5.19 ± 3.99

 

3.67 ± 2.89

 

Last academic performance

Acceptable

36

7.28 ± 5.012

0.07

5.58 ± 4.33

0.08

Good

34

5.24 ± 3.285

 

3.74 ± 2.34

 

Very good

86

6.97 ± 4.731

 

4.48 ± 3.64

 

Excellent

112

5.80 ± 4.242

 

4.05 ± 3.2

 
  1. Bold values are significant
  2. H/D hour per day