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Table 2 Comparison of study outcomes in pre and post-implementation phases

From: Pharmacist-directed vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in pediatric patients: a collaborative-practice model

Study outcome

Pre-pharmacist directed-TDM phase

Post-pharmacist directed-TDM phase

Mean difference (95% CI)

p value

Optimum prescribed initial VCM doses

45.0% (45/100)

96% (96/100)

0.22 (0.14–0.36)

 < 0.0001

Optimum VCM-dosage adjustments

50.6% (83/164)

88.8% (95/107)

0.29 (0.15–0.42)

 < 0.05

Optimum VCM-sampling time

37.6% (82/218)

58.9% (168/285)

0.15 (− 0.05–0.26)

0.079