Table 3 Phases and types of reported medication errors associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in the medical error reports
Medication error type | DOAC type | Statistical test | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apixaban (n = 134) | Dabigatran (n = 28) | Rivaroxaban (n = 37) | |||
Prescribing (n = 162, 81.4%) | |||||
Medication-duplicate therapeutic category | 26 (19.4%)a | 1 (3.6%)b | 0 (0.0%)b | ||
Incorrect dose | 17 (12.7%)a | 5 (17.8%)a | 11 (29.7%)a | ||
Wrong patient | 9 (6.7%)a | 3 (10.6%)a, b | 8 (21.6%)b | ||
Incorrect frequency | 23 (17.2%)a | 2 (7.2%)a | 3 (8.1%)a | ||
Incorrect quantity | 11 (8.3%)a | 9 (32.1%)b | 9 (24.3%)b | 46.262 | 0.001* |
Contraindicated/drug–drug interactions | 6 (4.4%)a | 1 (3.6%)a | 0 (0.0%)a | ||
Incorrect duration | 5 (3.8%)a | 4 (14.3%)a | 1 (2.7%)a | ||
Incorrect medication | 2 (1.4%)a | 2 (7.2%)a | 0 (0.0%)a | ||
Improper/lack of documentation | 3 (2.2%)a | 0 (0.0%)a | 0 (0.0%)a | ||
Side effect | 1 (0.7%)a | 0 (0.0%)a | 0 (0.0%)a | ||
Total per DOAC type | 103 (76.8%) | 27 (96.4%) | 32 (86.5%) | ||
Dispensing (n = 21, 10.6%) | |||||
Medication-duplicate therapeutic category | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Incorrect dose | 5 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Wrong patient | 5 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Incorrect quantity | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 21.000 | 0.140 |
Contraindicated/drug–drug interactions | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Incorrect medication | 5 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Delay preparation | 3 (2.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Total per DOAC type | 20 (15.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Administration (n = 9, 4.5%) | |||||
Medication-duplicate therapeutic category | 5 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Incorrect dose | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.7%) | ||
Incorrect duration | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.7%) | 6.107 | 0.168 |
Side effect | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Total per DOAC type | 7 (5.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.4%) | ||
Monitoring | |||||
Incorrect dosage form | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.4%) | ||
Incorrect frequency | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.7%) | 4.00 | 0.504 |
Total per DOAC type | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (8.1%) | ||
Storage (n = 3, 1.5%) | |||||
Incorrect dose | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Delayed preparation | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | – | – |
Improper/lack of documentation | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Total per DOAC type | 3 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||