Regulatory compliance among over-the-counter medicine sellers facilities within the Upper East Region of Ghana

Table 4 Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses of factors associated with regulatory compliance

Predictors	Regulatory compliance		Bivariate regression			Multiple regression
	Non-compliant (N = 109)	Compliant (N = 45)	OR	95% CI	p-value	AOR	95% CI	p-value
	n (%)	n (%)	OR	95% CI	p-value	AOR	95% CI	p-value
Facility location
Rural	54 (85.7)	9 (14.3)	Ref			Ref
Urban	55 (60.4)	36 (39.6)	3.93	1.73–8.93	0.001	4.2	1.74–10.17	0.001
Knows of name of law of pharmacy law
No	105 (72.4)	40 (27.6)
Yes	3 (100.0)	0 (0.0)			0.999
Qualified personnel on premises
No	3 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Yes	106 (70.2)	45 (29.8)			0.999
Staff trained in less than a year
No	40 (87.0)	6 (13.0)	Ref			Ref
Yes	69 (63.9)	39 (36.1)	3.77	1.47–9.68	0.006	2.78	1.02–7.62	0.046
Ever received prior notification
No	54 (79.4)	14 (20.6)	Ref			Ref
Yes	55 (64.0)	31 (36.0)	2.17	1.04–4.53	0.038	1.28	0.53–3.08	0.587
Ever made contribution in cash or kind
No	74 (75.5)	24 (24.5)	Ref			Ref
Yes	35 (62.5)	21 (37.5)	1.85	0.91–3.76	0.090	1.73	0.71–4.23	0.229
Regulatory visit done
No	4 (100.0)	24 (24.5)
Yes	105 (70.0)	45 (30.0)			0.999
Owner of the facility available
No	71 (74.0)	25 (26.0)	Ref
Yes	38 (65.5)	20 (34.5)	1.5	0.74–3.03	0.266

OR, Odds Ratio; AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI confidence interval; Bivariate logistic regression—Wald test p-value of < 0.2 considered for inclusion in the multivariate model; Statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05; Regulatory compliance is a composite variable of three indicators for regulatory practices (retention of medicine supplier’s invoices and receipts on-premises), licensing and registration requirements (appropriate signage), and equipment and material requirements (availability of reference material)

ISSN: 2052-3211