Table 3 Drug pairs involved in class X and D pDDIs and their potential consequences
Category | Drug interacting pair | Frequency | Potential consequence |
|---|---|---|---|
X | Albuterol + carvedilol | 15 | Diminished bronchodilatory effects of albuterol |
Alprazolam + orphenadrine | 3 | Increased CNS depressant effects of orphenadrine | |
Clarithromycin + ivabradine | 3 | Increased risk of ivabradine toxicity | |
enoxaparin + rivaroxaban | 3 | Increased risk of bleeding | |
Orphenadrine + dimenhydrinate | 3 | Increased potential for CNS depression | |
tramadol + nalbuphine | 3 | May diminish the analgesic effect of tramadol | |
D | Aspirin + enoxaparin | 229 | Increased risk of bleeding |
Clopidogrel + enoxaparin | 214 | Increased risk of bleeding | |
Clopidogrel + omeprazole | 94 | Decreased clopidogrel effectiveness and therapeutic failure | |
Clopidogrel + esomeprazole | 6 | Decreased clopidogrel effectiveness and therapeutic failure | |
Aspirin + rivaroxaban | 6 | Increased risk of bleeding | |
Insulin + sitagliptin | 6 | Increased risk of hypoglycemia | |
Atorvastatin + diltiazem | 3 | Increased risk of myositis, rhabdomyolysis and hepatotoxicity | |
Atorvastatin + clarithromycin | 3 | Increased serum concentration of atorvastatin may lead to rhabdomyolysis | |
Clarithromycin + verapamil | 3 | Decreased metabolism and increased therapeutic effects of verapamil | |
Warfarin + amiodarone | 3 | Increased risk of bleeding | |
Warfarin + meloxicam | 3 | Increased risk of bleeding | |
Digoxin + amiodarone | 3 | Increased concentration of digoxin and possible toxicity | |
Domperidone + escitalopram | 3 | Increased risk of QT interval prolongation | |
Furosemide + meloxicam | 3 | May decrease the diuretic effect of furosemide | |
Tramadol + dimenhydrinate | 3 | Increased CNS depressant effect of tramadol |