Availability, pricing and affordability of essential medicines in Eastern Ethiopia: a comprehensive analysis using WHO/HAI methodology

Sisay, Mekonnen; Amare, Firehiwot; Hagos, Bisrat; Edessa, Dumessa

doi:10.1186/s40545-021-00339-2

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

Table 3 Median price of LPG versions of essential medicines (USD) by ownership

From: Availability, pricing and affordability of essential medicines in Eastern Ethiopia: a comprehensive analysis using WHO/HAI methodology

Name of the drugs (name, strength and Unit)	Lowest price generics (LPG)								p value
	Public facilities Median price, USD			Private facilities (%) Median price, USD			Mann–Whitney U	Wilcoxon W
	Median	25th	75th	Median	25th	75th	Mann–Whitney U	Wilcoxon W
1. Salbutamol 0.1 mg/dose	2.062	1.888	2.092	3.385	3.077	4.000	19.5	139.5	0.000*
2. Metformin 500 mg tab	0.022	0.017	0.031	0.031	0.031	0.046	87	340	0.000*
3. Bisoprolol 5 mg/tab	–	–	–	0.077	0.077	0.077	–	–	–
4. Captopril 25 mg tab	0.031	0.019	0.031	0.046	0.025	–	6	34	0.298
5. Simvastatin 20 mg tab/cap	–	–	–	0.206	0.086	0.236	–	–	–
6. Amitriptyline 25 mg tab/cap	0.019	0.019	0.031	0.054	0.041	0.077	17	45	0.002*
7. Cipro 50 mg tab/cap	0.031	0.031	0.046	0.062	0.046	0.077	73.5	283.5	0.000*
8. Cotri-mox 240/5 susp	0.873	0.638	0.954	0.923	0.923	1.077	126.5	204.5	0.102
9. Amox 500 mg cap/tab	0.031	0.031	0.031	0.046	0.040	0.062	75	426	0.000*
10. Ceftriaxone 1 g vial	0.615	0.546	0.769	0.769	0.615	0.800	221	474	0.028*
11. Diazepam 5 mg tab/cap	0.012	0.006	0.031	0.040	0.007	0.077	20.5	140.5	0.134
12. Diclofenac 50 mg tab/cap	0.007	0.006	0.015	0.015	0.009	0.031	127.5	337.5	0.001*
13. Paracetamol 24 mg/ml susp	0.462	0.308	0.985	0.923	0.769	0.923	61.5	89.5	0.222
14. Omeprazole 20 mg tab/cap	0.016	0.015	0.019	0.031	0.022	0.031	105	358	0.000*
15. Glibenclamide 5 mg tab/cap	0.009	0.008	0.031	0.022	0.017	0.042	87	340	0.004*
16. Atenolol 50 mg tab/cap	0.023	0.015	0.031	0.031	0.028	0.046	46.5	82.5	0.035*
17. Hyoscine BB 10 mg tab	0.105	0.092	0.108	0.111	0.099	0.123	167.5	443.5	0.032*
18. Metoclopramide HCl 10 mg tab	0.009	0.006	0.015	0.031	0.015	0.031	85	295	0.000*
19. Bisacodyl 5 mg tab	0.023	0.021	0.031	0.062	0.031	0.077	27.5	147.5	0.000*
20. ORS sack (1 L)	0.080	0.000	0.154	0.308	0.215	0.308	51.5	241.5	0.000*
21. Loperamide 2 mg cap	–	–	–	0.292	0.092	–	–	–	–
22. Amiodarone 200 mg tab	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
23. Furosemide 40 mg tab	0.020	0.012	0.030	0.031	0.031	0.041	81.5	252.5	0.000*
24. Adrenaline 1 mg/ml inj	0.138	0.113	0.162	0.138	0.092	0.623	34	44	0.863
25. Paracetamol 500 mg tab	0.006	0.006	0.015	0.015	0.015	0.019	90	300	0.000*
26. ASA 300 mg tab	0.015	0.014	0.031	0.015	0.010	0.015	53	131	0.258
27. ASA 100 mg tab	–	–	–	0.092	0.042	0.231	–	–	–
28. Ibuprofen 400 mg tab	0.031	0.025	0.031	0.031	0.031	0.031	137.5	290.5	0.003*
29. Fluoxetine 20 mg cap	0.032	0.031	0.035	0.095	0.081	0.119	9	64	0.006*
30. Valproate 200 mg tab	0.078	0.051	0.092	0.123	0.104	0.154	1	16	0.015*
31. Risperidone 1 mg tab	0.208	0.044	0.222	0.280	0.280	0.280	0	21	0.134
32. Haloperidol 5 (0.5) mg tab	0.023	0.018	0.031	0.062	0.034	–	0	21	0.019*
33. Carbamazepine 200 mg tab	–	–	–	0.088	0.062	–	–	–	–
34. Allopurinol 100 mg tab	0.032	0.031	0.034	0.060	0.036	0.158	1	11	0.037*
35. Amox 250 mg cap	0.015	0.015	0.029	0.031	0.031	0.062	67.5	367.5	0.000*
36. Ampicillin 500 mg inj	0.154	0.123	0.246	0.462	0.308	0.615	30	96	0.004*
37. Cloxa 500 mg cap/tab	0.045	0.031	0.051	0.062	0.046	0.082	45	136	0.006*
38. Beza Pen G 2.4 MIU	0.280	0.223	0.308	0.462	0.308	1.077	5	41	0.053
39. Azithromycin 250 mg cap	0.123	0.123	0.123	0.462	0.279	0.590	6	12	0.081
40. Ceftazidime 1 g inj	0.846	0.831		2.923	2.592	3.077	0.5	3.5	0.047*
41. Doxycycline 100 mg cap	0.019	0.017	0.026	0.031	0.031	0.046	75.5	400.5	0.000*
42. Metronidazole 250 mg caps	0.015	0.012	0.028	0.017	0.015	0.031	209.5	462.5	0.048*
43. Cotri-mox 480 mg tabs	0.015	0.012	0.016	0.031	0.015	0.031	66.5	171.5	0.005*
44. Fluconazole 200 mg tab	0.037	0.032	0.039	0.169	0.108	0.215	6	42	0.001*
45. Clindamycin 150 mg	0.129	0.128	–	0.097	0.092	–	0	3	0.121
46. Hydrocortisone (50 mg/ml) inj	0.492	0.492	0.869	1.846	1.308	2.154	10.5	65.5	0.000*
47. PTU 50 mg tab	0.145	0.106	0.149	0.269	0.132	0.294	4	19	0.140
48. Fefol 200 mg + 0.5 mg cap	0.028	0.016	0.031	0.055	0.046	0.062	8	53	0.000*
49. TTC 1% ointment	0.185	0.154	0.308	0.308	0.308	0.308	50.5	155.5	0.001*
50. Albendazole 200 mg tab	0.031	0.031	0.154	0.077	0.031	0.154	46	74	0.388

Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U test for two independent groups (public and private settings) with skewed price distribution

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ISSN: 2052-3211

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