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Table 3 Healthcare resource utilisation in control and intervention group patients at baseline and at 6-month follow-up

From: General practitioner practice-based pharmacist input to medicines optimisation in the UK: pragmatic, multicenter, randomised, controlled trial

Outcome measures

Control

 

Intervention

 

p value

Baseline

(6 months pre-study)

6-month follow-up

Difference#

Baseline

(6 months pre-study)

6-month follow-up

Difference#

n = 161*

(48.8%)

n = 161*

(48.8%)

n = 169*

(51.2%)

n = 169*

(51.2%)

Number of unplanned hospital admissions (total)

46

33

 

40

21

  

 Mean ± SD

0.3 ± 0.67

0.2 ± 0.58

0.1 ± 0.8

0.2 ± 0.51

0.1 ± 0.40

0.1 ± 0.6

0.279b

0.023c

0.501d

 Median [IQR]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

Number of patients admitted (total)

34

24

 

34

17

  

Length of stay (days) (total)

148

97

-

118

74

-

 

 Mean ± SD

4.4 ± 4.4

4.0 ± 3.9

-

3.5 ± 4.1

4.4 ± 3.8

-

0.733e

 Median [IQR]

3.0 [1.0–7.0]

2.5 [1.0–6.5]

-

1.5 [1.0–4.3]

3.0 [1.0–7.5]

-

Number of A&E attendances (total)

45

57

 

43

37

  

 Mean ± SD

0.3 ± 0.6

0.4 ± 0.8

-0.1 ± 0.9

0.3 ± 0.5

0.2 ± 0.4

0.0 ± 0.6

0.326b

0.433c

0.333d

 Median [IQR]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

0 [0–0]

Number of face-to-face consultations in general practicea (total)

827

741

 

791

722

  

 Mean ± SD

5.1 ± 4.2

4.6 ± 3.8

0.5 ± 3.9

4.7 ± 3.4

4.3 ± 3.4

0.4 ± 3.4

0.087b

0.069c

0.953d

 Median [IQR]

4 [2–7]

4 [2–6]

1 [-2–1]

4 [2–7]

4 [2–6]

1 [-2–2.5]

Number of telephone consultations in general practicea (total)

300

300

 

321

239

  

 Mean ± SD

1.9 ± 3.1

1.9 ± 2.9

0.0 ± 2.6

1.9 ± 2.7

1.4 ± 2.0

0.5 ± 2.4

0.481b

0.006c

0.020d

 Median [IQR]

1 [0–2]

1 [0–3]

0 [-1–1]

1 [0–3]

1 [0–2]

0 [0–1]

Total (face and telephone) number of General Practice consultationsa

1127

1041

 

1112

961

  

 Mean ± SD

7.0 ± 5.9

6.5 ± 5.3

0.5 ± 5.1

6.6 ± 4.9

5.7 ± 4.3

0.9 ± 4.4

0.284b

0.007c

0.227d

 Median [IQR]

6 [3–9]

5 [3–9]

0 [− 2–3]

6 [3–9]

5 [2–8]

1 [− 2–4]

Number of outpatient visits (total)

453

453

 

487

430

  

Mean ± SD

2.8 ± 2.9

2.8 ± 2.9

0.0 ± 2.3

2.9 ± 3.1

2.5 ± 3.1

0.3 ± 2.6

0.841b

0.074c

0.136d

Median [IQR]

2 [1–4]

2 [0–4]

0 [− 1–1]

2 [1–4]

2 [0–4]

0 [− 1–2]

  1. Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level
  2. *From 356 patients, 14 patients’ healthcare resource utilisation data were not available, seven patients were deceased, five patients had 20 or more days of length of stay at baseline or 6-month follow-up
  3. #Calculated as utilisation at baseline minus utilisation at end of study
  4. aConsultation with general practitioner, pharmacist and nurse practitioner
  5. bWilcoxon signed rank test (within control group, between baseline and 6-month follow-up)
  6. cWilcoxon signed rank test (within intervention group, between baseline and 6-month follow-up)
  7. dMann–Whitney U test (between control vs intervention for the utilisation difference from baseline)
  8. eMann–Whitney U test (between control vs intervention at 6-month follow-up)