Table 5 Predictors associated with AMU treatment measures scored as percentages in multivariate hierarchical logistic models
Typea | All facilities | HC2 | HC3 | HC4/Hospital | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nb | First visit | Last Visit | Change | p-value && | nb | First visit | Last Visit | Change | p-value && | nb | First visit | Last Visit | Change | p-value && | nb | First visit | Last Visit | Change | p-value && | ||
Dispensing Quality | |||||||||||||||||||||
% of facilities with appropriate dispensing time | B | 1178 | 12% | 26.5% | +15% | 0.0000 | 651 | 11.5% | 28.7% | +17% | 0.0000 | 402 | 11.2% | 23.6% | +12% | 0.0000 | 125 | 13.6% | 24.8% | +11% | 0.0246 |
2. % of facilities with dispensing envelopes | R | 1222 | 76% | 93.8% | +18% | 0.0000 | 681 | 79% | 95.7% | +17% | 0.0000 | 416 | 71% | 91.3% | +21% | 0.0000 | 125 | 77% | 92.0% | +15% | 0.0009 |
3. % of facilities with appropriate and clean containers | R | 1222 | 27% | 39.8% | +13% | 0.0000 | 681 | 23% | 36.4% | +13% | 0.0000 | 416 | 27% | 41.8% | +15% | 0.0000 | 125 | 46% | 52.0% | +6% | 0.3114 |
4. % of facilities with spatula or spoon | R | 1221 | 36% | 75.6% | +40% | 0.0000 | 681 | 35% | 78.0% | +43% | 0.0000 | 415 | 33% | 72.0% | +39% | 0.0000 | 125 | 50% | 74.4% | +24% | 0.0001 |
5. % of facilities with tablet counting tray or similar | R | 1221 | 24% | 67.3% | +43% | 0.0000 | 681 | 19% | +68% | +48% | 0.0000 | 415 | 24% | 64.6% | +40% | 0.0000 | 125 | 53% | 73.6% | +21% | 0.0007 |
6. % of facilities with tablets counted using spatula or gloves | R | 1221 | 32% | 73.8% | +42% | 0.0000 | 681 | 31% | 76.5% | +45% | 0.0000 | 415 | 30% | 70.1% | +41% | 0.0000 | 125 | 45% | 71.2% | +26% | 0.0000 |
7. % of facilities with graduated measuring cylinder | R | 1221 | 9% | 24.8% | +15% | 0.0000 | 681 | 9% | 23.8% | +14% | 0.0000 | 415 | 8% | 21.9% | +14% | 0.0000 | 125 | 16% | 40.0% | +24% | 0.0000 |
8. % of facilities with chairs/benches in dispensing area | R | 1219 | 92% | 97.6% | +6% | 0.0000 | 679 | 94% | 98.4% | +4% | 0.0001 | 415 | 90% | 96.4% | +6% | 0.0005 | 125 | 86% | 97.6% | +12% | 0.0006 |
9. % of facilities with privacy during dispensing | R | 1219 | 72% | 88.5% | +16% | 0.0000 | 679 | 78% | 89.8% | +12% | 0.0000 | 415 | 67% | 86.7% | +20% | 0.0000 | 125 | 58% | 87.2% | +30% | 0.0000 |
10. % of facilities where patients can wash hands | R | 1219 | 47% | 70.1% | +23% | 0.0000 | 679 | 50% | 69.5% | +19% | 0.0000 | 415 | 46% | 72.3% | +27% | 0.0000 | 125 | 37% | 66.4% | +30% | 0.0000 |
11. % of facilities with drinking water accessible to patients | R | 1219 | 36% | 53.6% | +18% | 0.0000 | 679 | 39% | 58.8% | +20% | 0.0000 | 415 | 35% | 47.5% | +12% | 0.0004 | 125 | 19% | 45.6% | +26% | 0.0000 |
12. % of patients with all prescribed medicines dispensed | B | 1162 | 66% | 80.4% | +14% | 0.0000 | 648 | 68% | 80.8% | +13% | 0.0000 | 394 | 64% | 80.2% | +17% | 0.0000 | 120 | 63% | 78.6% | +15% | 0.0090 |
13. % of patients knowing dose of medicines to take | B | 1155 | 90% | 96.8% | +7% | 0.0000 | 648 | 90% | 97.1% | +7% | 0.0000 | 388 | 89% | 96.4% | +8% | 0.0000 | 119 | 89% | 96.3% | +8% | 0.0246 |
14. % of patients knowing how frequently to take medicines | B | 1155 | 83% | 94.6% | +12% | 0.0000 | 648 | 83% | 95.5% | +12% | 0.0000 | 388 | 83% | 93.6% | +11% | 0.0000 | 119 | 83% | 93.3% | +10% | 0.0147 |
15. % of patients knowing how long to take the medicines | B | 1155 | 33% | 57.8% | +24% | 0.0000 | 648 | 34% | 60.3% | +26% | 0.0000 | 388 | 32% | 55.4% | +24% | 0.0000 | 119 | 34% | 52.3% | +18% | 0.0046 |
16. % of patients knowing why they got the medicines | B | 1155 | 56% | 74.2% | +19% | 0.0000 | 648 | 55% | 75.3% | +21% | 0.0000 | 388 | 57% | 71.9% | +15% | 0.0000 | 119 | 56% | 76.1% | +20% | 0.0011 |
17. % of medicines labelled with medicines name | B | 1161 | 56% | 85.4% | +29% | 0.0000 | 646 | 57% | 87.8% | +31% | 0.0000 | 395 | 54% | 82.8% | +28% | 0.0000 | 120 | 60% | 81.2% | +21% | 0.0004 |
18. % of medicines labelled with strength | B | 1161 | 13% | 39.5% | +26% | 0.0000 | 646 | 13% | 42.6% | +30% | 0.0000 | 395 | 14% | 35.8% | +22% | 0.0000 | 120 | 14% | 35.3% | +22% | 0.0001 |
19. % of medicines labelled with quantity | B | 1161 | 16% | 60.0% | +44% | 0.0000 | 646 | 15% | 65.6% | +50% | 0.0000 | 395 | 15% | 53.6% | +39% | 0.0000 | 120 | 19% | 50.5% | +32% | 0.0000 |
20. % of medicines labelled with date | B | 1161 | 12% | 60.2% | +48% | 0.0000 | 646 | 12% | 65.4% | +53% | 0.0000 | 395 | 11% | 54.8% | +44% | 0.0000 | 120 | 13% | 50.0% | +37% | 0.0000 |
21. % of medicines labelled with dose | B | 1161 | 94% | 98.4% | +5% | 0.0000 | 646 | 95% | 98.3% | +4% | 0.0006 | 395 | 93% | 98.6% | +6% | 0.0001 | 120 | 92% | 98.2% | +7% | 0.0189 |
22. % of medicines labelled with patient name | B | 1161 | 10% | 56.7% | +46% | 0.0000 | 646 | 10% | 62.5% | +53% | 0.0000 | 395 | 9% | 51.6% | +42% | 0.0000 | 120 | 14% | 41.8% | +28% | 0.0000 |
23. % of medicines labelled with facility name | B | 1160 | 9% | 55.1% | +46% | 0.0000 | 646 | 8% | 60.4% | +52% | 0.0000 | 394 | 10% | 49.8% | +40% | 0.0000 | 120 | 11% | 43.5% | +33% | 0.0000 |
24. % with all prescribed amoxicillin dispensed | R | 512 | 95% | 98.8% | +4% | 0.0009 | 253 | 97% | 98.4% | +2% | 0.2162 | 203 | 94% | 99.2% | +5% | 0.0054 | 56 | 93% | 99.3% | +7% | 0.0747 |
25. % with all prescribed cotrimoxazole dispensed | R | 613 | 96% | 98.9% | +3% | 0.0021 | 316 | 97% | 99.2% | +2% | 0.0365 | 232 | 96% | 98.8% | +3% | 0.0412 | 65 | 94% | 97.5% | +4% | 0.3117 |
Prescribing Quality | |||||||||||||||||||||
26. % of prescriptions with date recorded | B | 1147 | 89% | 96.7% | +8% | 0.0000 | 637 | 88% | 97.8% | +10% | 0.0000 | 394 | 89% | 95.5% | +6% | 0.0008 | 116 | 92% | 95.0% | +3% | 0.3004 |
27. % of prescriptions with treatment location recorded | B | 1147 | 96% | 98.8% | +3% | 0.0000 | 637 | 96% | 98.9% | +3% | 0.0006 | 394 | 96% | 98.8% | +3% | 0.0135 | 116 | 95% | 97.9% | +3% | 0.1756 |
28. % of prescriptions with diagnosis recorded | B | 1147 | 92% | 96.7% | +4% | 0.0000 | 637 | 92% | 96.8% | +5% | 0.0003 | 394 | 94% | 96.5% | +3% | 0.0777 | 116 | 87% | 96.9% | +10% | 0.0063 |
29. % of prescriptions with medicines name recorded | B | 1147 | 70% | 89.2% | +19% | 0.0000 | 637 | 71% | 90.2% | +19% | 0.0000 | 394 | 68% | 87.9% | +20% | 0.0000 | 116 | 73% | 88.6% | +16% | 0.0027 |
30. % of prescriptions with prescriber name recorded | B | 1145 | 6% | 40.4% | +35% | 0.0000 | 635 | 7% | 47.7% | +41% | 0.0000 | 394 | 4% | 31.0% | +27% | 0.0000 | 116 | 6% | 32.1% | +26% | 0.0000 |
31. % of prescriptions with amount prescribed recorded | B | 1146 | 88% | 95.4% | +7% | 0.0000 | 637 | 89% | 96.1% | +8% | 0.0000 | 393 | 88% | 95.5% | +7% | 0.0003 | 116 | 84% | 91.6% | +8% | 0.0705 |
32. % of prescriptions with amount dispensed recorded | B | 1138 | 57% | 86.7% | +30% | 0.0000 | 633 | 54% | 85.5% | +32% | 0.0000 | 391 | 59% | 87.7% | +29% | 0.0000 | 114 | 68% | 90.0% | +22% | 0.0001 |
33. Average # of medicines prescribed | B | 1152 | 1.8 | 2.2 | +36% | 645 | 1.7 | 2.2 | +29% | 393 | 1.9 | 2.1 | +20% | 114 | 2.1 | 2.2 | +10% | ||||
34. % of medicines prescribed by generic name | B | 1158 | 62% | 83.0% | +21% | 0.0000 | 651 | 60% | 85.4% | +25% | 0.0000 | 393 | 62% | 79.7% | +18% | 0.0000 | 114 | 70% | 80.9% | +11% | 0.0481 |
35. % of patients with no antibiotic prescribed | B | 1206 | 35% | 46.4% | +11% | 0.0000 | 674 | 36% | 48.0% | +12% | 0.0000 | 412 | 35% | 44.0% | +9% | 0.0107 | 120 | 31% | 45.5% | +14% | 0.0227 |
36. % of patients with no injection prescribed | B | 1206 | 84% | 88.8% | +4% | 0.0015 | 674 | 86% | 90.5% | +5% | 0.0089 | 412 | 82% | 86.0% | +4% | 0.1173 | 120 | 84% | 88.7% | +5% | 0.2890 |
37. % of patients with diagnosis recorded | B | 1194 | 94% | 97.1% | +4% | 0.0000 | 665 | 93% | 96.8% | +4% | 0.0013 | 410 | 95% | 97.7% | +3% | 0.0247 | 119 | 93% | 96.8% | +4% | 0.1924 |
38. % of medicines on essential medicines list of Uganda | B | 1191 | 96% | 99.5% | +4% | 0.0000 | 667 | 97% | 99.5% | +3% | 0.0001 | 405 | 96% | 99.8% | +4% | 0.0001 | 119 | 94% | 98.7% | +5% | 0.0532 |
39. % of patients prescribed oral rehydration salt (ORS) | B | 903 | 70% | 81.1% | +11% | 0.0000 | 504 | 73% | 84.7% | +12% | 0.0000 | 310 | 67% | 77.4% | +10% | 0.0049 | 89 | 61% | 73.9% | +13% | 0.0704 |
40. % of patients prescribed ORS and no antibiotics | B | 892 | 55% | 70.7% | +16% | 0.0000 | 495 | 59% | 75.0% | +16% | 0.0000 | 308 | 52% | 67.1% | +16% | 0.0001 | 89 | 43% | 59.4% | +16% | 0.0327 |
41. % of patients prescribed ORS and no anti-diarrhoeal | B | 893 | 88% | 91.2% | +3% | 0.0257 | 497 | 88% | 91.1% | +3% | 0.0999 | 307 | 88% | 92.3% | +5% | 0.0528 | 89 | 90% | 88.4% | -2% | 0.6977 |
42. % of patients prescribed ORS and zinc | B | 763 | 25% | 48.4% | +23% | 0.0000 | 436 | 27% | 50.0% | +24% | 0.0000 | 255 | 25% | 48.6% | +24% | 0.0000 | 72 | 17% | 38.3% | +22% | 0.0035 |
43. % of patients prescribed ORS and no antispasmodic | B | 882 | 95% | 97.1% | +2% | 0.0117 | 489 | 95% | 97.4% | +3% | 0.0302 | 304 | 96% | 97.0% | +1% | 0.5023 | 89 | 91% | 95.8% | +5% | 0.1616 |
44. % of patients with appropriate prescription for diarrhoea | B | 901 | 30% | 55.8% | +26% | 0.0000 | 502 | 35% | 60.7% | +26% | 0.0000 | 310 | 25% | 51.6% | +26% | 0.0000 | 89 | 21% | 42.8% | +22% | 0.0018 |
45. % of patients prescribed no antibiotics | B | 1105 | 13% | 34.7% | +21% | 0.0000 | 610 | 15% | 37.7% | +23% | 0.0000 | 380 | 12% | 32.6% | +21% | 0.0000 | 115 | 12% | 25.8% | +14% | 0.0070 |
46. % of patients prescribed antipyretic/analgesic | B | 1113 | 73% | 75.8% | +2% | 0.1874 | 616 | 74% | 75.4% | +1% | 0.5995 | 382 | 72% | 76.4% | +4% | 0.1741 | 115 | 74% | 76.0% | +2% | 0.6877 |
47. % of patients prescribed cough or cold medicines | B | 1108 | 34% | 47.6% | +14% | 0.0000 | 613 | 35% | 49.1% | +14% | 0.0000 | 380 | 34% | 47.5% | +14% | 0.0001 | 115 | 25% | 40.4% | +15% | 0.0141 |
48. % of patients with appropriate prescription for cough/cold | B | 880 | 17% | 42.1% | +25% | 0.0000 | 461 | 19% | 45.2% | +26% | 0.0000 | 316 | 15% | 41.6% | +27% | 0.0000 | 103 | 15% | 29.8% | +15% | 0.0082 |
49. % of facilities with Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) available | R | 1204 | 62% | 70.8% | +8% | 0.0000 | 670 | 69% | 76.0% | +7% | 0.0032 | 410 | 63% | 71.5% | +9% | 0.0073 | 124 | 27% | 40.3% | +13% | 0.0318 |
50. % of facilities with functional lab for malaria testing | R | 767 | 7% | 5.3% | -2% | 0.0898 | 584 | 1% | 0.0% | -1% | 0.0216 | 153 | 25% | 15.0% | -10% | 0.0318 | 30 | 47% | 60.0% | +13% | 0.3018 |
51. % of patients with malaria RDT or smear conducted | B | 952 | 47% | 70.3% | +23% | 0.0000 | 489 | 49% | 73.2% | +24% | 0.0000 | 349 | 46% | 69.0% | +23% | 0.0000 | 114 | 44% | 61.8% | +18% | 0.0081 |
52. % of patients receiving artemisinin combination therapy | B | 1166 | 87% | 91.6% | +4% | 0.0008 | 643 | 90% | 93.7% | +3% | 0.0287 | 406 | 84% | 89.6% | +5% | 0.0276 | 117 | 81% | 87.4% | +6% | 0.1859 |
53. % of patients receiving quinine tablet | B | 1148 | 9% | 6.5% | -3% | 0.0135 | 629 | 5% | 3.8% | -2% | 0.1756 | 403 | 14% | 9.7% | -4% | 0.0537 | 116 | 13% | 9.7% | -4% | 0.4025 |
54. % of patients receiving no pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine SP | B | 1145 | 95% | 97.4% | +2% | 0.0044 | 628 | 94% | 96.7% | +3% | 0.0231 | 401 | 97% | 98.4% | +1% | 0.1860 | 116 | 95% | 97.4% | +3% | 0.2626 |
55. % of patients receiving no antibiotics | B | 1149 | 80% | 89.7% | +10% | 0.0000 | 630 | 83% | 92.0% | +9% | 0.0000 | 403 | 79% | 88.3% | +10% | 0.0002 | 116 | 72% | 81.8% | +10% | 0.0686 |
56. % of patients receiving paracetamol/antipyretics | B | 1164 | 90% | 92.3% | +2% | 0.1297 | 641 | 92% | 92.7% | +1% | 0.6852 | 406 | 90% | 92.8% | +3% | 0.1180 | 117 | 84% | 87.9% | +4% | 0.4383 |
57. % patients with appropriate treatment for malaria | B | 1167 | 75% | 87.2% | +13% | 0.0000 | 644 | 77% | 89.1% | +13% | 0.0000 | 406 | 74% | 86.5% | +12% | 0.0000 | 117 | 65% | 79.1% | +14% | 0.0156 |
All indicatorsc | 1102 | 56% | 72.3% | +17% | 0.0001 | 613 | 56% | 73.7% | +17% | 0.0018 | 376 | 55% | 70.8% | +16% | 0.0045 | 112 | 55% | 69.6% | +14% | 0.0064 | |
Dispensing Quality indicators (n=25)c | 1187 | 44% | 68.3% | +25% | 0.0045 | 662 | 44% | 70.2% | +26% | 0.0034 | 403 | 42% | 65.8% | +23% | 0.0068 | 122 | 45% | 66.2% | +21% | 0.0108 | |
Prescribing Quality indicators (n=31)c | 1074 | 65% | 77.5% | +12% | 0.1293 | 599 | 65% | 78.7% | +13% | 0.1135 | 367 | 65% | 76.4% | +11% | 0.1494 | 107 | 64% | 74.4% | +11% | 0.1520 | |
Behavioral indicators (n=42)c | B | 1131 | 59% | 75.2% | +17% | 0.0003 | 627 | 59% | 77.1% | +18% | 0.0054 | 388 | 58% | 73.5% | +16% | 0.0040 | 116 | 57% | 70.7% | +14% | 0.0071 |
Resource indicators (n=14)c | R | 1093 | 51% | 68.9% | +17% | 0.1183 | 616 | 52% | 69.2% | +18% | 0.1671 | 368 | 51% | 67.8% | +17% | 0.4723 | 109 | 53% | 71.2% | +18% | 0.4086 |