Table 2 Exploratory factor analysis of the 18-item awareness scale toward COVID-19

Isolation and quarantine of infected people are effective for preventing the spread of COVID-19.

Reporting symptoms of COVID-19 to local health authorities is important to prevent further disease transmission.

Frequent hand washing before preparing and/or eating foods is essential to prevent further COVID-19 transmission.

Hand washing after contact with possible contaminated materials or surfaces is important to prevent further COVID-19 transmission.

Consultation of a healthcare provider when you have a cough or fever or difficulty in breathing is critical for preventing COVID-19 spreading.

Travel bans to/from the areas of the disease should be implemented by the government to prevent COVID-19 spreading.

Traveling to China is considered as a risk of novel coronavirus infection.

Avoiding contact with sick people can prevent spread of disease.

Isolation of COVID-19 patients is important to achieve effective adoption of infection control measures.

Avoiding close contact with person who has an active respiratory symptom is essential to prevent further transmission of the disease.

Hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 s can prevent COVID-19 transmission.

Antibiotics are effective in COVID-19 treatment.

COVID-19 can be treated with the available antiviral medications.

Vaccination of COVID-19 is available as a protective measure.

There is no treatment for COVID-19 until now.

COVID-19 spread could be prevented by avoiding live animal contact.

The main source of novel coronavirus is animal.

Chinese goods are considered as a source of exposure to novel coronavirus.