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Table 4 Bivariate analysis for PLOS among patients admitted to the surgical ward of JUMC, Ethiopia

From: Predictors of prolonged length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality among adult patients admitted at the surgical ward of Jimma University medical center, Ethiopia: prospective observational study

Predictor Variables

Categories

The outcome variable (PLOS) >  75th percentile (≥33 days)

**p-value

*p-value

No (%)

Yes (%)

Sex

Male

146 (81.6)

33 (18.4)

0.169

0.000

Female

55 (61.1)

35 (38.9)

Place of residence

Rural

110 (73.8)

39 (26.2)

0.547

0.706

Urban

91 (75.8)

29 (24.2)

Level of monthly income

no constant income

33 (70.2)

14 (29.8)

0.291

0.396

<  1500

67 (70.5)

28 (29.5)

1500–6000

81 (79.4)

21 (20.6)

>  6000

20 (80.0)

5 (20.0)

Smoking status

No

173 (73.0)

64 (27.0)

0.522

0.076

Yes

28 (87.5)

4 (12.5)

Health care cost coverage

Self

171 (76.7)

52 (23.3)

0.023

0.103

Free (gov’t)

30 (65.2)

16 (34.8)

Co-morbid condition

No

117 (73.6)

42 (26.4)

0.443

0.606

Yes

84 (76.4)

26 (23.6)

Burn-related surgery

No

194 (76.1)

61 (23.9)

0.043

0.036

Yes

7 (50)

7 (50)

Presence of cancer

No

173 (77.6)

50 (22.4)

0.028

0.018

Yes

28 (60.9)

18 (39.1)

Presence of trauma

No

160 (72.4)

61 (27.6)

0.873

0.060

Yes

41 (85.4)

7 (14.6)

Presence of any chronic disease

No

154 (73.3)

56 (26.7)

0.221

0.323

Yes

47 (79.7)

12 (20.3)

Type of admission

Elective

95 (68.8)

43 (31.2)

0.864

0.023

Emergency

106 (80.9)

25 (19.1)

Poly-pharmacy

No

169 (74.4)

58 (25.6)

0.861

0.811

Yes

32 (76.2)

10 (23.8)

In-hospital SSI

No

173 (77.2)

51 (22.8)

0.244

0.035

Yes

28 (62.2)

17 (37.8)

In-hospital sepsis

No

191 (74.9)

64 (25.1)

0.366

0.771

Yes

10 (71.4)

4 (28.6)

HAP

No

196 (74.8)

66 (25.2)

0.887

1

Yes

5 (71.4)

2 (28.6)

Age (years)

18 to 40

115 (76.2)

36 (23.8)

0.188

0.539

>  40

86 (72.9)

32 (27.1)

Duration of surgery (hrs.)

≤ 1

57 (67.1)

28 (32.9)

0.391

0.083

>  1

107 (76.4)

33 (23.6)

0.678

Not recorded

37 (84.1)

7 (15.9)

0.172

Appropriate use of SAP

Yes

35 (66.0)

18 (34.0)

0.404

0.105

No

166 (76.9)

50 (23.1)

Total number of antibiotic exposure

≤ 2 antibiotic exposure

165 (80.1)

41 (19.9)

0.017

0.000

> 2 antibiotic exposure

36 (57.1)

27 (42.9)

ASA class

I to II

150 (72.8)

56 (27.2)

0.499

0.193

III to IV

51 (81.0)

12 (19.0)

CDC wound class

I

34 (70.8)

14 (29.2)

0.047

0.494

II to IV

167 (75.6)

54 (24.4)

Charlson CI score

Zero

70 (72.2)

27 (27.8)

0.303

0.469

>  1

131 (76.2)

41 (23.8)

Before surgery LOS (days)

≤ 7

163 (82.3)

35 (17.7)

0.000

0.000

>  7

38 (53.5)

33 (46.5)

Number of co-morbidity

Zero

117 (73.6)

42 (26.4)

 

0.626

1 to 2

76 (77.6)

22 (22.4)

0.248

≥ 3

8 (66.7)

4 (33.3)

0.248

  1. *p value of chi-square, **p-value for binary logistic regression analysis