Table 6 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with pre-dialysis controlled hypertension upon study completion (n = 145)
| Variables |
Patients with pre-dialysis controlled hypertension on final visit Number (%) |
Univariate analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value |
Multivariate analysis OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 20 (26.7) | 55 (73.3) | Reference | |||
| Male | 22 (31.4) | 48 (68.6) | 1.260 (0.614-2.586) | 0.528 | ||
| Age | ||||||
| ≤ 40 | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | Reference | |||
| 41-60 | 22 (26.5) | 61 (73.5) | 0.481 (0.100-2.321) | 0.362 | ||
| > 60 | 17 (30.9) | 38 (69.1) | 0.596 (0.120-2.962) | 0.527 | ||
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Normal | 22 (24.4) | 68 (75.6) | 0.324 (0.061-1.720) | 0.186 | 0.809 (0.123-5.330) | 0.826 |
| Overweight | 13 (31) | 29 (69) | 0.448 (0.080-2.526) | 0.363 | 0.705 (0.084-5.927) | 0.747 |
| Obese | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 1.333 (0.149-11.929) | 0.797 | 4.775 (0.352-64.836) | 4.775 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current Smoker | 12 (27.3) | 32 (72.7) | Reference | |||
| Non-Smoker | 30 (29.7) | 71 (70.3) | 1.127 (0.512-2.480) | 0.767 | ||
| Drug addiction | ||||||
| Current drug addiction | 8 (50) | 8 (50) | Reference | Reference | ||
| No drug addiction | 34 (26.4) | 95 (73.6) | 0.358 (0.125-1.028) | 0.056 | 0.492 (0.129-1.870) | 0.298 |
| Hemodialysis centers | ||||||
| Private | 20 (23.8) | 64 (76.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| NGO | 7 (29.2) | 17 (70.8) | 1.318 (0.478-3.630) | 0.594 | 1.130 (0.302-4.224) | 0.856 |
| Governmental | 15 (40.5) | 22 (59.5) | 2.182 (0.955-4.985) | 0.064 | 1.909 (0.601-6.062) | 0.273 |
| Vascular access | ||||||
| Fistula | 38 (28.1) | 97 (71.9) | Reference | |||
| Others | 4 (40) | 6 (60) | 1.702 (0.455-6.368) | 0.430 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| No | 18 (37.5) | 30 (62.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 24 (24.7) | 73 (75.3) | 0.548 (0.260-1.154) | 0.113 | 0.415 (0.156-1.105) | 0.078 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | ||||||
| No | 26 (20.8) | 99 (79.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 4 (20) | 16 (80) | 0.793 (0.269-2.340) | 0.674 | ||
| Cerebrovascular accident | ||||||
| No | 37 (29.6) | 88 (70.4) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 5 (25) | 15 (75) | 0.643 (0.170-2.434) | 0.516 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| No | 41 (32.8) | 84 (67.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 7 (35.0) | 13 (65) | 0.830 (0.730-2.903) | 0.830 | ||
| Gouty arthritis | ||||||
| No | 39 (30.7) | 88 (69.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3 (16.7) | 15 (83.3) | 0.451 (0.124-1.649) | 0.229 | 1.312 (0.213-8.094)) | 0.770 |
| Others comorbiditiesa | ||||||
| No | 26 (25) | 78 (75) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 16 (39) | 25 (61) | 1.920 (0.890-4.141) | 0.096 | 1.865 (0.690-5.041) | 0.219 |
| ACE-I | ||||||
| No | 39 (29.3) | 94 (70.7) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 3 (25) | 9 (75) | 0.803 (0.206-3.127) | 0.752 | ||
| ARB | ||||||
| No | 31 (28.4) | 78 (71.6) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 11 (30.6) | 25 (69.4) | 1.107 (0.487-2.519) | 0.808 | ||
| CCB | ||||||
| No | 17 (16.7) | 85 (83.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 25 (58.1) | 18 (41.9) | 6.296 (2.843-13.943) | < 0.001 | 8.988 (3.140-25.728) | < 0.001 |
| Alpha antagonist | ||||||
| No | 40 (28.8) | 99 (71.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 1.237 (0.218-7.027) | 0.810 | ||
| Beta antagonist | ||||||
| No | 28 (27.2) | 75 (72.8) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 14 (33.3) | 28 (66.7) | 1.339 (0.617-2.906) | 0.460 | ||
| Diuretics | ||||||
| No | 34 (32.7) | 70 (67.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 8 (19.5) | 33 (80.5) | 0.499 (0.208-1.196) | 0.119 | 0.349 (0.108-1.132) | 0.080 |
| Other combination of antihypertensives | ||||||
| No | 36 (27.7) | 94 (72.3) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 6 (40) | 9 (60) | 1.741 (0.578-5.241) | 0.324 | ||
| Type of therapy | ||||||
| Mono-therapy | 24 (30.4) | 55 (69.6) | Reference | |||
| Multi-therapy | 18 (27.3) | 48 (72.7) | 0.859 (0.417-1.772) | 0.681 | ||
| Statins | ||||||
| No | 12 (30) | 28 (70) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 30 (28.6) | 75 (71.4) | 0.933 (0.420-2.073) | 0.865 | ||
| Phosphate binders | ||||||
| No | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 37 (29.1) | 90 (70.9) | 1.069 (0.356-3.212) | 0.906 | ||