Table 2 Characteristics of the 10 studies included

Santos MR (2003) [31]

Diabetes management

Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol:

Subjective: patient reported information;

Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements

Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs)

Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information

Retrospective evaluation using historic pilot cohort Diabetes Management Program (2001)

31

143

Costa S (2006) [32]

Diabetes management

Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol:

Subjective: patient reported information;

Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements

Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs)

Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information

Retrospective evaluation using historic pilot cohort Diabetes Management Program (2001)

NR

NR

Martins AP (2008) [35]

Diabetes management

Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol:

Subjective: patient reported information;

Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements

Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs)

Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information

Retrospective study using historic 3-year cohort of the Diabetes Management Program (2003–2006)

NR

Around 1800 in program, 342 in study

Fernandez-Llimos F (2009) [36]

Diabetes management

Regular scheduled follow-up of diabetic patients using SOAP method, as per intervention protocol:

Subjective: patient reported information;

Objective: e.g. blood glucose measurements

Assessment: Drug Related Problems (DRPs)

Plan: e.g. referral to physician, patient education and information

Observational - process indicators of Diabetes Management Program (2004–2008)

356 in 2005

379 in 2008

1294 in 2005

Pilger D (2007) [37]

Screening of individuals at risk of diabetes

Screening patients with > 45 years and another risk factor for diabetes: blood glucose measurement and referral to physician as per intervention protocol

Descriptive cross-sectional study (2005)

8

229

Horta MR (2010) [38]

Screening of uncontrolled diabetic patients

Screening patients on diabetes medications: blood glucose measurement, reinforcing adherence and self-monitoring, and referral to physician as per intervention protocol

Descriptive cross-sectional evaluation of nationwide campaign (2007)

723

7719

ES Research (2009) [39]

Screening of uncontrolled diabetic patients

Screening patients on diabetes medications: blood glucose measurement, reinforcing adherence and self-monitoring, and referral to physician as per intervention protocol

Economic evaluation of nationwide campaign (2007)

723

7719

Jacinto I (2016) [48]

Screening of individuals at risk of diabetes

Promoting FINDRISK test to all adult non-diabetic individuals (except pregnant women) and healthy lifestyle habits, referral to physician if score > 15 points.

Descriptive cross-sectional evaluation of regional campaign (2015)

225

7007

Paulino E (2017) [49]

Screening of individuals at risk of diabetes and diabetes management

1) Promoting FINDRISK test to all individuals and referral of high-risk patients to pharmacy services, to physician or re-evaluation in 1 year, as appropriate

2) Follow-up of diabetic patients with assessment of health problems, reinforcing adherence, referral to other providers or to pharmacy consultations

Descriptive cross-sectional evaluation of regional initiative (2016/17)

1) 26

2) 31

1) 196

2) 106

Félix J 2017 [52]

Screening of individuals at risk, screening of uncontrolled diabetic patients, and diabetes management

Includes the interventions of studies [31, 32, 35, 38] (Economic study partially based on data of these studies)

Economic evaluation (decision-model)

NA (model-based)

NA (model-based)