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Table 4 Independent risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes

From: Evaluating treatment outcomes and durations among cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Yemen: a prospective follow-up study

 

Treatment outcome

n (%)

Univariate

OR

(95% CI)

Multivariate

AOR

(95% CI)

Successful

Unsuccessful

  

Sex

Male

114 (76)

36 (24)

Ref

 

Female

113 (91.9)

10 (8.1)

0.470

(0.281–0.787)

0.248

(0.239–0.874)

Age, years

≤ 45

177 (83.5)

35 (16.5)

Ref

 

>45

50 (82)

11 (18)

1.210

(0.678–2.161)

 

Area

Urban

152 (81.3)

35 (18.7)

Ref

 

Rural

75 (87.2)

11 (12.8)

1.054

(0.630–1.763)

 

Education level

Literate

127 (82.5)

27 (17.5)

Ref

 

Illiterate

100 (84)

19 (16)

2.155

(1.22–3.801)

2.294

(1.272–4.137)

Occupation

Employed

90 (79.6)

23 (20.4)

Ref

 

Unemployed

137 (85.6)

23 (14.4)

1.591

(0.982–2.575)

0.980

(0.379–2.573)

BCG vaccination

Yes

46 (92)

4 (8)

Ref

 

No

181 (81.2)

42 (18.8)

1.651

(0.849–3.211)

 

Marital status

Married

128 (84.8)

23 (15.2)

Ref

 

Unmarried

99 (81.1)

23 (18.9)

0.822

(0.506–1.334)

 

Smoking habit

No

164 (85.9)

27 (14.1)

Ref

 

Yes

63 (76.8)

19 (23.2)

1.570

(0.943–2.613)

1.474

(0.867–2.578)

Chewing khat a

No

84 (86.6)

13 (13.4)

Ref

 

Yes

143 (81.3)

33 (18.8)

1.397

(0.840–2.322)

 

Income (rialb)

>10,000

73 (81.1)

17 (18.9)

Ref

 

≤10,000

154 (84.2)

29 (15.8)

0.651

(0.397–1.068)

 

Stigma

No

127 (82.5)

27 (17.5)

Ref

 

Yes

100 (84)

19 (16)

0.683

(0.413–1.131)

 

Knowledge

Good (4–6)

193 (82.5)

41 (17.5)

Ref

 

Poor (1–3)

34 (87.2)

5 (12.8)

0.831

(0.401–1.725)

 

BMI, kg/m2

<18.5

120 (83.3)

24 (16.7)

Ref

 
 

≥18.5

107 (82.9)

22 (17.1)

1.043

(0.646–1.685)

 

Comorbid

No

197 (86)

32 (14)

Ref

 

Yes

30 (68.2)

14 (31.8)

1.730

(0.981–3.044)

1.995

(1.108–3.590)

Family history of tuberculosis

No

150 (81.5)

34 (18.5)

Ref

 

Yes

77 (86.5)

12 (13.5)

0.890

(0.525–1.509)

 
  1. Ref reference group, BMI body mass index, BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guerin, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. akhat: a shrub that grows in parts of East Africa and Yemen, b rial: one dollar is approximately equivalent to 215 rial