Assessment of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators in two tertiary care hospitals of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan

Table 5 Summary of core drug use indicator studies from developed and developing countries

Indicators	Study reference
	Developed countries					Developing countries
	[14, 35]	[38]	[39]	[40]	[41]	[9]	[42]	[26]	[22]	[43]
Average no. of drugs per encounter	2.4	0.7	2.9	2.6	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.4	3.0	2.2
% Generic	61.2	----	17.7	14.3	4.4	95.4	74	99.8	63.1	99
% Antibiotic	32.2	10.4	39.1	26.2	13.5	39.2	37	66	54.2	43
% Injection	2	0.0	9.1	8.3	1.6	9.9	11	2.4	38.0	18
% drugs EDL	99.2	----	----	19.8	----	95.4	78	99.7	75.6	98.8
Average consultation time (minutes)	7.3	22.5	2.8	----	----	7.1	5.8	4.4	6.1	3.7
Average dispensing time (seconds)	100	----	54.6	----	----	47.4	17	234	18.1	37
% Drugs dispensed	99.6	----	97.9	----	----	95.9	66	100	99.1	84.5
% Drugs labeled	10	----	66.9	----	----	0.0	63	0.0	55.9	86.2
% Patient knowledge	79.3	70	26.9	----	----	94	54	55	86.5	81.7
% EDL availability	90	----	-----	----	----	80	50	100	100	100
% Drugs in stock	59.2	-----	------	----	----	78.3	55	86.6	91.7	86.5

Saudi Arabia [14, 35]; Sweden [38]; Kuwait [39]; Bahrain [40]; United Arab Emirates [41]; Egypt [9]; Brazil [42]; Cambodia [26]; Swaziland [22]; Mozambique [43]

ISSN: 2052-3211