Economic contributions of pharmaceutical interventions by pharmacists: a retrospective report in Japan

Table 2 Estimation of annual economic impact

Intervention type			Number	Cost savings assigned per case (USD)	Total (USD)	Intervention class
1	Avoidance of serious ADRs		12	21,400	256,800	Quality/safety improved
2	Transvenous antimicrobial therapy interventions		172	1900	325,080	Pharmacotherapy improved
3	Switch from intravenous to oral administration	Voriconazole	55	165.1	9078	Cost saving
3	Switch from intravenous to oral administration	Linezolid	32	96.9	3099	Cost saving
4	Interventions concerning cancer chemotherapy		82	1120	91,840	Pharmacotherapy improved
5	Avoidance of drug interactions	High risk	2	840	1680	Pharmacotherapy improved
5	Avoidance of drug interactions	Normal	56	560	31,360	Pharmacotherapy improved
6	Renal dosing recommendations	High risk	7	840	5880	Pharmacotherapy improved
6	Renal dosing recommendations	Normal	43	560	24,080	Pharmacotherapy improved
7	Intravenous drug compatibility	High risk	1	840	840	Pharmacotherapy improved
7	Intravenous drug compatibility	Normal	2	560	1120	Pharmacotherapy improved
8	Confirmation of medication history (presurgical cessation of antiplatelet drugs)	High risk	13	840	10,920	Quality/safety improved
8		Normal	4	560	2240	Quality/safety improved
9	Drug therapy consultation or recommendations	High risk	34	840	285,60	Pharmacotherapy improved
9	Drug therapy consultation or recommendations	Normal	149	560	834,40	Pharmacotherapy improved
10	Monitoring recommendations		19	0	0	Pharmacotherapy improved
11	Ward rounds, multidisciplinary teamwork	ICT	28	0	0	Quality/safety improved
		NST	45	0	0
		PCT	52	0	0
12	Drug information		640	0	0	Provider education
13	ADRs reported to PMDA		4	0	0	Quality/safety improved
		Total	1452	-	876,017

ADRs serious adverse drug reactions, ICT infection control team, NST nutrition support team, PCT pain control team, PMDA Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency