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Table 5 Predictors of good knowledge among the respondents with multivariable and univariable regression

From: Assessment of public knowledge and attitude toward antibiotics use and resistance: a community pharmacy-based survey

Sociodemographic

Multivariable

Univariable

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

p value

Lower

Upper

Community pharmacy

      

 Kubwa (Reference)

   

.134

 

< .001*

 Utako

1.62

.96

2.72

.067

1.37

0.169

 Yaba

1.30

.86

1.95

.200

1.55

0.010*

 Lekki

1.93

1.02

3.64

.041*

3.02

< .001*

 Ajegunle

.91

.45

1.86

.813

0.46

0.003*

Sex

      

 Male (Reference)

      

 Female

1.16

.86

1.56

.329

1.16

0.241

Age (yrs.)

      

 18–24 (Reference)

   

.317

 

0.002*

 25–34

1.54

1.01

2.36

.045*

1.88

< .001*

 35–44

1.33

.80

2.20

.261

1.58

0.019*

 45–54

1.96

1.02

3.76

.041*

2.38

0.001*

 55–64

1.53

.59

3.94

.379

1.68

0.139

 Above 64

1.29

.35

4.70

.697

3.4

0.012*

Education Status

      

 No formal education (Reference)

   

.044

 

< .001*

 Primary

.42

.11

1.63

.214

0.70

0.534

 Secondary

.30

.09

.97

.044*

1.01

0.978

 Tertiary

.48

.15

1.50

.209

2.65

0.023*

Marital Status

      

 Single (Reference)

   

.114

 

0.035*

 Married

1.32

.91

1.92

.137

1.33

0.037*

 Divorced/Separated

.58

.24

1.37

.218

0.57

0.131

 Widowed

1.89

.61

5.90

.268

1.56

0.307

Occupation

      

 Unemployed (Reference)

   

.101

 

< .001*

 Self employed

.85

.53

1.36

.499

1.19

0.383

 Government Employed

1.15

.66

2.02

.603

1.93

0.005*

 Private Employed

1.43

.87

2.34

.154

2.91

< .001*

 Retired

1.28

.38

4.25

.681

2.70

0.021*

Residence

      

 Rural

      

 Urban

1.45

1.01

2.08

.043*

1.92

< .001*

Religion

      

 Christianity (Reference)

   

.087

 

< .001*

 Islam

.62

1.01

2.08

.027*

0.58

0.002*

 Others

.85

1.01

2.08

.623

0.30

< .001*

Ethnic Affiliation

      

 Yoruba (Reference)

   

.344

 

0.079

 Igbo

1.22

.83

1.78

.305

1.21

0.235

 Hausa

1.32

.74

2.37

.344

0.70

0.147

 Others

.87

.57

1.32

.520

0.80

0.220

Last time antibiotic was used (N = 964)

      

 Last month (Reference)

   

.068

 

0.031*

 Last 3 months

1.16

.76

1.75

.477

1.34

0.118

 Last 6 months

1.29

.84

1.99

.243

1.34

0.125

 > 1 year

2.08

1.24

3.47

.005*

1.95

0.002*

 Can't remember

1.51

.91

2.51

.111

1.09

0.666

Last place antibiotic was retrieved (N = 959)

      

 Pharmacy (Reference)

   

.243

 

< .001*

 Patent medicine store/Chemist

.65

.40

1.06

.089

0.44

< .001*

 Friend or family member

.59

.27

1.27

.180

0.29

< .001*

 Can't remember

.92

.49

1.72

.815

0.58

0.022*

Health professional recommendation

      

 Yes (Reference)

   

.093

 

< .001*

 No

.68

.46

1.01

.060

0.57

0.001*

 Can't remember

.65

.39

1.09

.104

0.47

< .001*

  1. * Significant at p < 0.05
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

ISSN: 2052-3211

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