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Table 9 Pharmacists’ practice towards PV and ADR reporting vs sociodemographic characteristics

From: A national survey of knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among hospital pharmacy practitioners in the United Arab Emirates

Demographic characteristics

Median knowledge score (IQR)

p-value

Gender

 Female

18 (11–21)

0.452a

 Male

16 (11–21)

Age

 20–29

19 (12–21)

0.540b

 30–39

13.5 (11–20.75)

 40–49

15 (11–19)

 ≥ 50

13.5 (11–19.25)

Nationality

 Emirati

13.5 (10–21)

0.679b

 Non-Emirati:

 

  - Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Yemen)

17 (11–20)

  - Asia (India, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh)

15 (11–20)

  - Africa (Moroccan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria, Somalia)

19 (12–21)

  - America and North America (USA, Canada)c

–

  - Europe (UK, Cyprus)c

–

Qualification

 Diploma in Pharmacy

18.5 (12.75–19.5)

0.059b

 Bachelor in Pharmacy

19 (12–21)

 PharmD

13 (11–20)

 Master in Pharmacy

15 (11–20)

 PhD

14 (10.5–18.5)

Country of graduation

 UAE

14.5 (11–20)

0.424b

 Other countries:

 

  - Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran)

17 (11.5–21.5)

  - Asia (India, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh)

15 (11–20)

  - Africa (Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia)

19 (12–21)

  - America and North America (USA, Canada)

22 (15–22)

  - Europe (UK, Cyprus)c

–

Current position

 Pharmacist technicianc

–

0.004b,*

 Pharmacist

19 (12.5–21)

 Clinical pharmacist

12 (11–17.25)

 Pharmacist in charge

15 (11–20)

 Inpatient pharmacist

13 (11–19)

 Outpatient pharmacist

13 (11.5–21)

 Pharmacy manager

13 (11–19)

Years of experiences

 < 5

19 (12–21)

0.002b,*

 5–9

13 (11–20)

 10–14

13 (11–18.25)

 ≥ 15

11 (10.5–16.5)

Type of setting (hospitals)

 Semi-governmental hospitals

17.5 (11–21)

0.183b

 Private non-teaching hospitals

18.5 (12–21)

 Private teaching hospitals

11 (10–13)

 Governmental hospitals

13 (10.5–19)

Name of the emirates

 Abu Dhabi

16 (12–20)

0.187b

 Dubai

18 (11–20)

 Northern Emirates (Sharjah, Ajman, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah)

19 (11–22)

  1. Bold values indicate statistical significance
  2. IQR interquartile range
  3. aMann–Whitney test
  4. bKruskal–Wallis test
  5. cThe total responses may not sum up to 100% in few cases due to low intervals
  6. *Significant (p < 0.05)