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Table 13 The suggestions to implement PV and ADR reporting vs sociodemographic characteristics

From: A national survey of knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among hospital pharmacy practitioners in the United Arab Emirates

Demographic characteristics

Median knowledge score (IQR)

p-value

Gender

 Female

47 (43–50)

0.879a

 Male

47 (44–50)

Age

 20–29

47 (43–50)

0.626b

 30–39

48 (44–51)

 40–49

47 (40.5–50)

 ≥ 50

49 (42.5–52.25)

Nationality

 Emirati

44 (43.25–49.5)

0.520b

 Non-Emirati:

 

  - Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Yemen)

47 (44–51)

  - Asia (India, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh)

46 (43–50)

  - Africa (Moroccan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria, Somalia)

47 (44–50)

  - America and North America (USA, Canada)c

–

- Europe (UK, Cyprus)c

–

Qualification

 Diploma in Pharmacy

42 (37.5–46.75)

0.048b

 Bachelor in Pharmacy

47 (43–50)

 PharmD

47 (42–50)

 Master in Pharmacy

48 (45–51)

 PhD

45 (42.5–53.5)

Country of graduation

 UAE

47 (43–50)

0.453b

 Other countries:

 

  - Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran)

49 (45–52)

  - Asia (India, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh)

46 (43–50)

  - Africa (Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia)

47 (44–50)

  - America and North America (USA, Canada)

49 (44–53)

  - Europe (UK, Cyprus)c

–

Current position

 Pharmacist technicianc

–

 < 0.001b,*

 Pharmacist

46 (43–50)

 Clinical pharmacist

46 (42.75–51)

 Pharmacist in charge

49 (44–51)

 Inpatient pharmacist

47 (44–50)

 Outpatient pharmacist

50 (48.5–52)

 Pharmacy manager

43 (31–45)

Years of experiences

 < 5

47 (44–50)

0.373b

 5–9

48 (43–50)

 10–14

48 (43.75–51)

 ≥ 15

44 (39–50.5)

Type of setting (hospitals)

 Semi-governmental hospitals

47.5 (43–52)

0.505b

 Private non-teaching hospitals

47 (43–50)

 Private teaching hospitals

48 (43.5–51)

 Governmental hospitals

48 (44–51)

Name of the emirates

 Abu Dhabi

47 (43–50)

0.027b

 Dubai

46.5 (42.25–49.75)

 Northern Emirates (Sharjah, Ajman, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah)

49 (44–51)

  1. Bold values indicate statistical significance
  2. IQR interquartile range
  3. aMann–Whitney test
  4. bKruskal–Wallis test
  5. cThe total responses may not sum up to 100% in few cases due to low intervals
  6. *Significant (p < 0.05)