Experience and attitudes of pharmacists towards challenges and adaptive measures to new norm in ward pharmacy practice during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 5 Univariate logistics regression for significant factors associated with perceived challenging experience and attitude scores (n = 175)

Variable	Perceived challenging experience scores			Attitudes scores
Variable	Unadjusted OR (β)	Confidence interval	P	Unadjusted OR (β)	Confidence interval	P
Age
21–30	Ref			Ref
31–50	0.682	0.371–1.253	0.218	0.981	0.534–1.803	0.950
Gender
Female	Ref			Ref
Male	2.732	1.177–6.339	0.019	1.582	0.707–3.540	0.264
Ethnicity
Malay	Ref			Ref
Chinese	1.667	0.884–3.144	0.115	1.556	0.564–4.293	0.394
Indian	1.200	0.442–3.258	0.721	1.157	0.612–2.184	0.654
Education
Bachelor’s degree	Ref			Ref
Master’s degree	2.947	1.013–8.578	0.047	3.384	1.075–10.654	0.037
Employment type
Trainee	Ref			Ref
Contract-based FRP	1.385	0.579–3.312	0.465	1.701	0.870–3.323	0.120
Permanent-based FRP	1.987	1.013–3.894	0.046	1.583	0.660–3.797	0.303
Wards covered
COVID-19 &Non COVID-19	Ref			Ref
Non COVID-19	1.444	0.597–3.495	0.415	0.860	0.357–2.070	0.736
PhIS type
Full-based	Ref			Ref
Pharmacy based	1.208	0.655–2.228	0.544	2.341	1.254–4.371	0.008
Duration of service
< 1 year	Ref			Ref
1–5 years	0.875	0.446–1.717	0.698	1.452	0.732–2.878	0.286
6–10 years	0.408	0.146–1.144	0.088	1.930	0.719–5.182	0.192
11–15 years	0.766	0.246–2.380	0.644	1.072	0.337–3.410	0.906

PhIS: Pharmacy Information System. Full based: Medication prescribed by doctors was directly entered into the PhIS system. Pharmacy based: Pharmacists manually transcribed prescriptions written by doctors into the PhIS system

ISSN: 2052-3211