Determinants of adverse reactions to first-line antitubercular medicines: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Odds of developing adverse drug reactions affecting various systems in association with clinical characteristics

Characteristics	GI reactions		Nervous system reactions		Skin reactions		Hepatotoxic reactions
Characteristics	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age > 45 years (versus ≤ 45 years)	1.55	1.01–2.39	1.36	0.90–2.05	1.37	0.82–2.31	1.13	0.28–4.57
Female gender (versus male)	1.36	0.86–2.13	1.65	1.07–2.55	1.78	1.05–3.02	1.55	0.34–7.03
Cigarette Smokers (versus nonsmokers)	0.84	0.34–2.09	1.76	0.77–4.05	1.48	0.57–3.88	–*	–
HIV-positive (versus HIV-negative or NA)	3.13	1.93–5.06	3.81	2.34–6.20	2.76	1.60 -4.75	3.90	0.86–17.75
Alcohol use (versus no alcohol)	2.76	1.71–4.46	2.74	1.71–4.41	2.67	1.55–4.60	0.41	0.05–3.41
Extra-pulmonary TB (versus pulmonary TB)	2.41	1.03–5.64	1.95	0.12–0.83	–	–	–	–

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; NA: not available; GI: gastrointestinal; TB: tuberculosis. Boldface entries indicate statistically significant associations. ^* insufficient numbers so estimates are unreliable
Logistic regression (odds ratio) was used to compare the demographic variables with the likelihood of developing an adverse drug reaction. Aged 45 years and above, HIV positive, alcohol use and extrapulmonary TB had increasing odds of developing GI reaction with odds ratios 1.55, 3.13, 2.76, and 2.41 respectively. Females, HIV positive and alcohol use also had increasing odds of developing nervous system reactions with odds ratios of 1.65, 3.81, and 2.71 respectively. Sociodemographics had no statistical relation with hepatotoxic reactions. Skin reactions had statistical relations with female gender (OR: 1.78), HIV positive (OR: 2.76) and alcohol use (OR: 2.67). In summary, alcohol use and HIV positive have a strong statistical relationship with the development of adverse reactions except for hepatotoxic reactions

ISSN: 2052-3211