From: Evaluation of a guided continuous quality improvement program in community pharmacies
Intervention (N = 29) | Control (N = 40) | Difference in score changed rates | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Scores changed (Logit) | Pre | Post | Scores changed (Logit) | |||||||||||||
Domain | mean | S.D. | mean | S.D | mean | S.D. | p † | mean | S.D. | mean | S.D | mean | S.D. | p † | Beta | S.E. | p ‡ | |
1 | Physical Space and Environment | 0.87 | 1.77 | 1.20 | 1.76 | 0.33 | 0.92 | 0.065 | 2.16 | 2.37 | 2.41 | 2.45 | 0.25 | 0.84 | 0.071 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.695 |
2 | Teamwork | 1.54 | 2.40 | 2.02 | 2.46 | 0.48 | 1.26 | 0.050 | 3.68 | 2.86 | 3.90 | 2.80 | 0.22 | 0.85 | 0.116 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.303 |
3 | Staff Training and Skills | 2.16 | 2.52 | 2.72 | 2.50 | 0.57 | 1.20 | 0.017 | 3.96 | 3.15 | 4.17 | 3.17 | 0.21 | 0.92 | 0.147 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.169 |
4 | Communication Openness | 2.03 | 2.85 | 2.40 | 2.58 | 0.37 | 1.11 | 0.088 | 3.99 | 2.69 | 4.16 | 2.62 | 0.17 | 0.57 | 0.065 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.347 |
5 | Patient Counseling | 2.72 | 2.25 | 3.30 | 2.19 | 0.59 | 1.48 | 0.043 | 4.64 | 2.09 | 4.66 | 2.08 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.710 | 0.56 | 0.24 | 0.025 |
6 | Staffing, Work Pressure & Pace | −0.90 | 1.35 | −0.77 | 1.17 | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.338 | 0.97 | 2.12 | 0.91 | 2.15 | −0.06 | 0.22 | 0.095 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.119 |
7 | Communication About Prescriptions Across Shifts | 0.49 | 2.12 | 0.70 | 1.82 | 0.21 | 1.30 | 0.403 | 2.48 | 2.87 | 2.42 | 2.90 | −0.06 | 0.91 | 0.681 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.323 |
8 | Communication About Mistakes | 1.24 | 4.22 | 3.20 | 3.71 | 1.95 | 2.53 | <0.001 | 3.60 | 4.09 | 3.44 | 4.11 | −0.16 | 1.20 | 0.404 | 2.11 | 0.46 | <0.001 |
9 | Response to Mistakes | 0.40 | 2.05 | 1.19 | 1.99 | 0.80 | 1.12 | <0.001 | 2.08 | 2.64 | 2.05 | 2.59 | −0.04 | 0.23 | 0.324 | 0.83 | 0.18 | <0.001 |
10 | Organizational Learning—Continuous Improvement | 0.15 | 1.92 | 1.36 | 2.20 | 1.22 | 1.64 | <0.001 | 2.27 | 2.88 | 2.23 | 2.84 | −0.04 | 0.27 | 0.324 | 1.26 | 0.26 | <0.001 |
11 | Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety | 1.13 | 1.55 | 1.48 | 1.57 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.033 | 2.37 | 1.80 | 2.39 | 1.78 | 0.02 | 0.44 | 0.772 | 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.039 |